10-29 L1 Neurobio of addictions Flashcards
What is pseudo-addiction?
problem: substance seeking and use behavior
- inadequate treatment of condition
solution: Dose or med adjustment eliminates this
What is pseudo-dependence?
Increase dosage req’d for same therapy
- Disease progression
- New disease
- Changes in physical activity or diet
- Adding or discontinuing other meds
- Lack of compliance.
Substance seeking behavior is mediated by what?
Mediated by DA release in reward system (attenuated by antagonist)
What is the difference b/t neurotransmitters in type 1 ‘drug craving’ and type 2 substance craving behavior?
- Type 1: neurotransmitter: glutamate
- Type 2: CRF in amygdala, NE from brainstem
What’s the difference between substance seeking (have) and substance craving (don’t have)?
Substance seeking: in anticipation of further DA release
Substance craving: anticipation of remembered conditioned reward
(Alcohol) What are the 4 important aspects of homeostatic inhibitory mechanism of DA release pathways in the reward center?
- Stimulates GABAa receptor
- Blocks NMDA receptor
- Releases endorphins stimu mu opitae receptor
- Releases endo-cannabinoids
Name the 8 addictive substances that cause a release of DA in the reward center (CABE-CON)
- Cocaine & Amphetamines
- Alcohol
- Benzodiazepines/Phenobarbital
- Endocannabinoids
- Cannabis
- Opiates
- Nicotine
What receptors do Endocannabinoids target? (CNS & Immune system)
- CNS: CB-1 receptors
- Immune system: CB-2 receptors
What do Endocannabinoids do?
Counteract activation of glu/NMDA receptor ‘neuroprotective’
Play a role in feeding and appetite behaviors
What do benzodiazepines/Phenobarbital do?
stimulate GABAa receptor
- effect similar to EtOH (inhibits the inhibitor)
- sedative hypnotic effect
What drugs stimulate CB-1? (COE)
- Cannabis
- Opiates
- Endocannabinoids
Which of the addictive substances have no withdrawal symptoms
cocaine and amphetamines (deplete DA from reward center)
Satiety of a substance depends on what?
depends on the elimination rate
What drugs are used as alcohol pharmacotherapy?
Di-NaCT
- Disulfiram (blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase)
- Naltrexone (mu receptor antagonist)
- Campral/acamprosate (indirectly blocks glu effect on NMDA receptor, offsets GABA/glu imbalance)
- Topamax/topiramate (anticonvulsant)
What drugs are used as opiates pharmacotherapy?
- Naltrexone (mu receptor antagonist)
- Methadone (mu receptor full agonist)
- Buprenorphine (mu receptor partial agonist)
