10-15 Flashcards

Question

ticks and mights go questing

Answer 1

with a hallers organ that searches for humidity, moisture and carbon dioxade ticks have hypostome - barb and other special mouth parts for holding on and penetrating. lamprey fish- great lakes....weird teet but also have anti coagulants to keep the blood flowing flat flys have claws.

Answer 2

the host dies, hypothermia, or the host removes them... aka a heron grooms i with a **pectinate toe comb**.... beavers have a **split toe**

Answer 3

Deer have brains worms, that are neomoids that snails are INTERMEDIATE HOSTS,... get into the spinal chord and then poop out... if moose get it they get the blind staggers... moooser are not native to NA so they haven evolved to take the deer brain worm like deer. DEFINITIVE HOST is where the parasite reproduces

Answer 4

robins are definitive hosts for FLUKES... which get into snails and make them change colours like a grub. FLY grubs. mouse CUTEREBRA - or bot fly a good parasite doens't kill it's host. most endo parasites are small parasitic castration - change the behaviour so no hormone wanting to breed. parasits also have problems, no intermediate hots, may not be found.

Answer 5

kills hosts. usually only in the larval stages. craconid wasp tachinid fly fleshflies thred waster flys spiders wasp digger bees great gold wasp cerceris digger wasp OVIPOSITOR - give or inject the eggs. megaRHYSSA - drill into bark to feed pigeon horntails specialized pelecinid wasps lays eggs on june beetles. turtles have a flesh fly

Answer 6

food shortages - dormancy and hibernation but also migration) - if it's predicitable but seeds, nuts, berries, fruit, small mammals might not be predictable food supply. the solution is to be **nomadic** bohemian waxwings are nomadic . couls also be **irruptive** appear all at once.

Answer 7

will eat and hunt at dawn or dusks they also sit on their foot to warm i up

Answer 8

impale their food, also called butcher birds... this a is a LARDER for their food.

Answer 9

amongts the only animals to use enzymes to digest celluose... bird gizzards are analogus to mamalls cheeks.

Answer 10

eruption -when animals go to an area where they aren't usually. That is an eruption predators kill. when can store food like shrikes impale. owls thaw out with body heat

Answer 11

grey squriels, don't hibernate - SCATTER seeds over MANY CHACHES... these are Scatter Hordings. - how do they find scent/memory? Canada Jay - dont migrate the store food in scatter cache, catter horde 1000's of different items like caterpillars, mushrooms, fruit bits.

Answer 12

1. enlarged salavary glands 2.sticky saliva glues things to branches 3.nest early, allows young to hatch and leave early. 4. large hipocampus for excellent spatial memory. chicakadee's, blue jays - claims their hippocampus grows before winter to rememerb

Answer 13

red squirrel - cones of coniferous trees, larger stashes called middens = in the dozens scatter caches are in the 100's re squierls - dry out mushrooms chimpunks c- cache underground - bear poop seeds from cherry pits.

Answer 14

central caches or food pile - good stuff is on the bottom, they pull it from the bottom. lower value food on the top poplar=aspen is their favorite tails over the ice, and drag trails through the wood. beavers break ice with back of their heads

Answer 15

most plants maker their own food through photsynthesis autotrophs - make they're own food

Answer 16

nutrients ----- nitrogen phosphorus calcium water sulight

Answer 17

nutrient poor fens - through moving water bogs - rain

Answer 18

mycelia (roots) mycorrhizal assocaition mycorrhizae ORCHID --> endomycorrhizae for tress in bogs like spruce (sheeth and roots ectomycorrhizae) helps increase uptake of nutrients especially N+P also prevetns toxic componounds

Answer 19

have different solution for nutrients root nodules - with bacteria that fix nitrogen

Answer 20

sundews - roundleaf, spikeleaf, linear leaf, great sundew, outhairs - sticky (adhesive traps) shorter hair unzymes to digest BUTTERWORT - adhesive trap PTICHER PLANT - downard pointing hairs (pitfall traps) that would eat slamander... ... but even ehere fly grub live in enzymes of pitcher plant.

Answer 21

underwater leaves or suction traps (UTRICLES) bladder vaccum uticular minor - purple bladder wort

Answer 22

- larger leaves to get more sunlight - round leaf orchid - uslaly lie flat to capture more light from sky - this requires less engery to make photosynsiss - thin chlorophll disperses quicker - also blocks out the competition hookers orchids hobble bush - massive leafs praying hands of hobble bush

Answer 23

A sunny gree B Shade yellow (orange spectrum)

Answer 24

cany increase surface of underground root system bunch berry - lots of leaves spouting gorwth - colony growth

Answer 25

move towards the sun VINES grow on top of other plans , so do wild cucumber - they have tendrils. that are thigmotropic thigmo = greek for touch

Answer 26

solve problem by blooming before leafs of the competition open up to take advantage of sunlight. Spring EMPHEMRALS - shortime dangers of blooming early - late frost, or pollunators dont' come out in time

Answer 27

green chlorophyll = photosynthesis carbon mycorrhizae that steel from other plants autotroph - mycorrhizae - hetrotroph - can't make their own food mixotrophs corolroolts almost scavengers - mycoherertroph

Answer 28

no green - no chlorphylll mycorrhizal assocations carbon sugar comes from other living plants - it loves like a parasite holoparasite = all your food comes from elsewhere myconetrotrph - one flower - cancer root - no leaves, no mycorrhizae takes chemisals from (strigulacates) attracts fungus from mycorrhizal huasoria holo parasite - witches broom - dwarf mistletoe

Answer 29

small leaves like buttercup, angle upwards 45% hightly disected leaves to reduce surface area

Answer 30

Asexual vs Sexual (more variation) interna vs External (sperm resides outside, not always gaurenteed to work) FIsh - external Frog - external - Amplexus hold but most animals use internal (believe it or not some internal don't happen at the sametime)

Answer 31

frest water sponges clams never needing a mate doubles the chance of reproducing earthworms are hermaphytes slugs and snails too, but they usually still meet with a mate to exchange sperm they havea. intromitten organ _ penis - LOVE DART

Answer 32

algae on to of snow

Answer 33

package of sperm interact without meeting eacother ferncula = to leap

Answer 34

have palps or peidpalps - intromitten organ - not allone peins - BOXING GLOVES snaks have two intromitten organs - HEMIPENIS - one side and the other side cats penis - stimulation barbs

Answer 35

is stored away inflated with BLOOD or liquid... because penis would cause drag in the air or water

Answer 36

penis bone primates, bats, rodents - not humans

Answer 37

cloaca kiss most birds dont' have a penis

Answer 38

hermaphydites. they hava wondering penis that 40x body length

Answer 39

audiotry - nonvocal - woodpecker drums speics specific ruffed grous drum with wings on top of longs wilsons snipes - tailes feather vibrate to make cool sound called WINNOW - manic laughter sound chrickets/grasshopes - striculater or rub body parts together -ornthoperi tree crikets us a leaf as amplifier cerpitate - grasshoper flick and close fan, like a fan cycada tymbals - bottle cap muscles- they need heat thats why you never hear them in the cold

Answer 40

toads and frogs inflate vocal sack. resonation chamber. doesn't make the sound it amplifies the sound. some have 1 or 2 - leopard frogs have two tympanum male bullfrogs are bigger than their eyes, females are smaller

Answer 41

we've lost 50% of birds in 50 years. SYRINX - junction + air sack allows it to play two songs at once Labia - 100% of air used for sounds Bird songs have two diferent fuctions 1 declare territory 2 mating to attract mates sometimes same song, somtimes differe song

Answer 42

is major part of sexual selection that drives evolution females are listening sexual seleciton - female choice natural selection - weeding out charactreristics Moose calls for bulls

Answer 43

Rut moose calls low frequency from female antlers - ears towards antlers to pick up call bulls thrash vegistaion with antlers to warn over bulls

Answer 44

badges dead bone (takes a lot metabolically to grow) tines=points palm=flat old=short -fall off (shed) after mating season velvet (wolrlds fastest growing tissues). they scrape off the velvet 4 MONTHS 6-9 years have the most imporessive antlers DEFORMED antlers are signof poor health and status

Answer 45

-predators and cheaters(sateliite males)

Answer 46

diffuse agressesion, biggers scares off sparing alot of sparring happens after the rut sign of sex selection. antler eye injuries, or punctune o the side Moose keeps and protects female for day of sex. Only hapeens for one day of the year. Keeps her close.

Answer 47

female choise is powerful natural selection MALE birds look more colourful Wilsons' Pholorope _ rare female reversed dimorphisim - they are also polyandrus - multiple makes one femal. Mallards - females always go for greenest head and yellowish bill, it reveals health, age and no parasites. brightly coloured male - fewer parasites, -better diet more healthy ( better foragers for finding food)

Answer 48

puffns have plates on bills (grooves) these are badges of status and maturity. more grooves means he'sa better hunters he is. Males help find food.

Answer 49

visual adversting - ritualized dispaly courtship hood display - hooded merganser Male ruffed groupse use neck ruff and tail dispaly aerial display - midgest swarm ebony jewel wing (odonate) - green insect (iridescent) - female shows off she like by flapping her wings over her back) fireflies use morse code of light (actually beetles ) areial display) Swans - synchronized displays. sandhill cranes - dancees ritualized displays `

Answer 50

turkeys - males all at once carunkle snood beard tail display sharp-tailed grouse communal dispaly -ground combs neck sock dance.

Answer 51

sex pheomones - MOOOSE - flemen position with jacobsons orongs females and males both use pheomones - rut pits/wallow pits Moose mate once a year for only 24 hrs at a time. Usually at night OTTERS - femeals urinate - rolls in the urine SNAKES - female use pherone trails - no courtship

Answer 52

are prevelent in the insect world (net wing bugs) men are usally the most visual again. female moths adverstize with pheromones they release PLUMES the ceropic moth polypherus SILK moth - antenna have 4 million sensory pores

Answer 53

porcupines pee on females for stimulation rabit hare do the same... or is it marking their territory (females)

Answer 54

CEDAR WAXWING - male give food stuff TERNS give food fish edible courshipt gift (spiders, scorpian flies, damsal flies) - give food to avoid being eaten by female. It safe for predatory speciese MARSH WRENS Male - give pseudo-nets / dummy nests male BASS and BLUE GILLS - give nets too... shallow depressions bluegill sunfish - 3 forms of male /2 forms of satilites (big male, immature male, fake female)

Answer 55

contact guarding durring matting period. "wheel position" or "heart" position. Claspers specsis specific - upper set and lower set (Lock and Key) odonate contact guarding may remove competitors sperm - guarding.

Answer 56

enough time to make sure sperm gets to the eggs FOX walking sticks - 1+2 days (male claspers)

Answer 57

copulatory plug beetles - headless sperm - jam up opening or a giant sperm plug) mosquito cement plug and add anti-aphrodsiacs to the plug garter snakes too - anti aphrodisicas - thousands of headless sperms, - chemcical anti aphrodisiacs - one giant plug

Answer 58

genitalia explodes (sometimes three in one female) reproduction is an effort find immortality.

Answer 59

plants can't move to find a mate like animals but thankfully most produce sperm and eggs. Most are hermaophrodites FLOWERS are sex machines

Answer 60

MALE - stamens (long thing) Anthers (produce the sperm) FEMALE - STIGMA (sticky received sperm STYLE(big neck) OVARY(eggs) yes plants have intermitten organs - Polen grains.which consists of TWO sperms - embryo and food embryo and tube nucleus a double fertilization event. PERFECT FLOWERS = when thy ave two sexes

Answer 61

Anemophily - moved by the wind - grass, seeds, ragweed, conifeous trees polen neds to be LIGHT - wind delivery is not gaurenteed so you need lots and lotsof see pollen HYDROPHILLY = pond weed, water is not gaurenteed either.

Answer 62

insects = BEEs, FLIES, moths, Beetles - needs to be light and sticky - flowers bribing insets as pollen is food.

Answer 63

upside down usualy, anther - poricidal pore, fuse anther core buzz polinated flowers bee's buzz poliated into sticky ball nectar= sugar water

Answer 64

most scavendgers are not obligate cuterbear not - mice/chipmunks sparring moose dominance , not mating carrion beetles don't burry aimals before they eat them.