10

Question 1

a …… is the classic
symbol of protection and security.

Answer 1

roof

Question 2

Architecture satisfies a basic,
universal human need for a …..

Answer 2

roof

Question 3

More than any of the other arts, ………. demands structural stability

Answer 3

architecture

Question 4

The architecture is based on
……..

Answer 4

structural system

Question 5

There are two basic families of structural systems:

Answer 5

1. The shell system.
2. The skeleton-and-skin system.

Question 6

what the diffrences between the shell system and skeleton and skin system

Answer 6

In The Shell System One Building Material Provides Both Structural Support And Sheathing (Outside Covering) Buildings made of brick , stone, or adobe

in the other hand,
▪ The skeleton-and-skin system might be compared to the human body, which has a rigid bony skeleton to support its basic frame and a more fragile skin for
sheathing

Question 7

We find it in modern ……., with their steel frames (skeletons supporting the structure and a sheathing (skin) of glass or some other light material

Answer 7

skyscrapers

Question 8

…….., which is really an allround entertainment complex, is almost as famous for its construction difficulties as it is for its extraordinary design.and build as a shell system

Answer 8

the opera house

Question 9

, the builder constructs the walls by piling layer , upon layer, starting thick at the bottom, getting thinner as the structure rises, and usually tapering inward near the highest point

Answer 9

LOAD-BEARING CONSTRUCTION

1- post and initial
2- dome
3-round arch and vault

Question 10

This is the simplest method of making a building, and it is suitable for brick, stone, adobe, and certain modern materials.

Answer 10

LOAD-BEARING CONSTRUCTION

Question 11

why Load-bearing structures tend to have few and small openings (if any) in the walls

Answer 11

because the method does not readily allow for support of material above a void, such as a window opening.

Question 12

The whole of load-bearing structures may then be topped by a lightweight roof, perhaps of ………

Answer 12

thatch or wood

Question 13

why in load-bearing structures the construction is stable

Answer 13

because its greatest weight is concentrated at the bottom and weight diminishes gradually as the walls grow higher.

Question 14

▪……. is the most elementary structural method, based on two uprights (the posts supporting a horizontal crosspiece (the lintel, or beam).

Answer 14

Post-and-lintel construction

Question 15

The most common materials for post-and-lintel construction are ………

Answer 15

stone and
wood.

Question 16

why the architect must provide supporting posts at close intervals.in post-intel construction

Answer 16

Since neither has great tensile strength, these materials will yield and cave in when forced to span long distances,

Question 17

This configuration can be continued indefinitely, so that there may be one very long horizontal supported at critical points along the way by vertical posts to carry its
weight to the ground.

this is in what type of load and bearing

Answer 17

post and intel construction

Question 18

▪ In this time, the design of post-and-lintel buildings, especially temples,
became standardized in certain features.

Answer 18

Ancient Greece

Question 19

The most famous and influential work of greek architecture is certainly The Parthenon
and its a…..

Answer 19

(A Doric Temple)

Question 20

Greek architects developed and codified three major architectural styles

Answer 20

doric
ionic
corinthian

they all conten of base shift capital

Question 21

the ……..was used
by the ancient people of
Mesopotamia several centuries before our common era.

Answer 21

round arch

Question 22

It was most fully developed by the romans, who perfected the form in

Answer 22

round arch vault

Question 23

▪ …….is an architectural structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere, or half globe

Answer 23

A dome

Question 24

One customary definition of the …… is an arch rotated 360 degrees on its axis.

Answer 24

dome

Question 25

▪ One of the first domed
buildings ever erected dates from the early 2nd century. it is called the …..

Answer 25

pantheon

Question 26

its have domed

▪ …… (the church of the holy wisdom) in Istanbul designed by two
mathematicians.
▪ ……. was built as a church
during the 6th century.
▪ In the 15th century, …….. was converted for use as a mosque. now
preserved as a museum.

Answer 26

Hagia Sophia

Question 27

multistory buildings have been with us since the roman empire, the development of the skyscraper, as we know it, required two late-19th century innovations:

Answer 27

the elevator and steel-frame construction.

Question 28

▪ ……. is a true skeleton-and-skin arrangement

Answer 28

▪ Steel-frame construction

Question 29

▪ ……… is an old material that was known and used by the romans.

Answer 29

Concrete

Question 30

A mixture of cement, gravel, and water, concrete can be …….., will assume the
shape of any mold, and then will set to hardness.

Answer 30

poured

Question 31

a method was developed for reinforcing
…….. forms by imbedding iron rods inside the ………. before it hardened.

Answer 31

Concrete

Question 32

The……. contributes tensile strength, while the …… provides shape and surface.

Answer 32

iron
concrete

Question 33

What many consider to be the first genuinely modern building was designed
by ………. and built between 1890 and 1891 in st. louis.

Known as …..
▪ It employed a steel framework sheathed in
masonry.

Answer 33

louis Sullivan
the wainwright building.

Question 34

Like other benefits of industrialization, these buildings come at a
significant cost to the environment, and one that we cannot continue
to pay indefinitely

Answer 34

t

Question 35

The question of whether we can create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat is at the heart of……

Answer 35

green architecture.

Question 36

Green architecture is an aspect of a larger concern called ……., which has been defined as providing for the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to provide for their own needs.

Answer 36

sustainable development

Question 37

Just as industrial progress inspired new architectural styles, so …….may eventually change the way buildings look and the way we live

Answer 37

green architecture

Question 38

▪ …….. addressed many green concerns in the langston hughes library which she created for the children’s defense fund.

Answer 38

Maya lin

Question 39

For an example of green thinking on a much larger scale, we turn to ……..designed by the
architecture firm of fox & fowle.
▪ At the time of its completion in 1999, four times square was the largest building in the united states to establish standards for energy conservation, indoor air quality, recycling systems, and sustainable manufacturing processes.

Answer 39

four times square