1) Windows Networking | mac/Linux Tools & Features Flashcards
HomeGroup vs. WorkGroup
HomeGroup (Removed from Windows 10)
Share files/media between all devices
Single private network only
WorkGroup (non-centralized)
Logical groups of network devices
Each device is a standalone system, everyone is a peer
Small departments/organizations
Each computer maintains its own user info
Domain Setup
Windows Pro or better
Business Network
Centralized Authentication & Device Acccess
Supports thousands of devices across many networks
Active Directory Domain Services
User accounts = centralized
Manage all devices/users (manage OS, deploy software)
Control Panel > System
Network Shares/Admin Shares/Mapping Drives
Network Shares
Make a folder available across the network
Assign/map a drive letter to a share (reconnect auto)
Shares ending with $ are “hidden” (not for security)
Can still access with share name
Control Panel > Admin Tools > Computer Management
Mapping Drives
This PC (right click) > Map Network Drive
Select drive letter, specify location
Or net use command
Printer Sharing vs. Network Printer Mapping
Printer Shares
Similar to sharing a folder
Printer Properties > Sharing
Devices & Printers > Add Printer (Local/Network)
Proxy Settings
Change the traffic flow
An internet go-between
Control Panel > Internet Properties > Connections
Remote Desktop/Remote Assistance
Home editions
One-time remote access
Single-use password
Chat/diagnostics/NAT traversal
Remote Desktop Connection Non-Home Editions Ongoing access Local auth options May need port forwarding
Home vs. Work vs. Public Network Settings
Windows 7:
Home = The network is trusted
Work = You can see other devices, but can’t join HomeGroup
Public/Guest = You are invisible
Windows 8/10:
Private = Sharing & connect to devices
Public = No sharing/connectivity
Can be customiezed in Network/Internet Status
(Change connection properties)
Network Card Properties
Network Adapter Properties
or Network/Internet > Change adapter settings
Advanced Tab:
Link speed & duplex
Default is auto negotiate
You can force a different speed if needed
WoL (Wake on Lan) (Properties > Power Management)
Can be remotely woken from sleep
Good for night time software updates
DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Points)
A field in the IP header
Windows QoS
IPv4 = ToS (Type of Service) Field
IPv6 = Traffic Class octet
Local Computer or Group Policy
Computer Config > Windows Settings > Policy-Based QoS
Linux/macOS: Best Practices
macOS: Centralized updates (OS & Apps)
App Store - Updates Option
Automatic updates (or manual), Patch Management
Driver/Firmware - Invisible in macOS (automatic)
System Information - Hardware (read-only)
No anti-malware, many 3rd party options
Linux: System Updates Bash tools: apt-get, yum, pacman GUI update managers (software updater) Patch management, updates can be scheduled Software Center: may have "App Store"
Driver/Firmware Updates: Many drivers are in kernel
Updated when kernel updates
Additional drivers are managed with software updates or in Bash
Very few viruses/malware, some 3rd party available
ClamAV (open source anti-virus)
Linux/macOS: Backup/Time Machine
macOS: Time Machine
Hourly backups, Daily backups, Weekly backups
Linux: Scheduled backups (many options available)
Bash or GUI
tar = Tape Archive (works with any storage device)
Easy to script into backup schedule
rsync = Sync files between storage devices
Instant sync or scheduled
Linux/macOS: Restore/Snapshot
macOS: Takes snapshots if Time Machine storage is unavailable (basically a restore point)
Linux/macOS: Image Recovery
macOS: Disk Utility has image recovery options
(.dmg files) - appears as normal file system
Restore feature allows disk image restoration
Linux: Not as many as Windows, but still good ones
dd (Convert & copy a file) - Powerful
Backup & Restore a partition
Other 3rd party: Clonezilla, GNU Parted
Linux/macOS: Disk Maintenance Utilities
macOS: Disk Utility (rarely needed)
First Aid Tool - Basically Windows Check Disk
Linux: Very little maintenance required
Check File System
Non-mounted partition (startup)
sudo touch /forcefsck
Automatic after X amount of boots
/var/log = Clean up log space
Linux/macOS: Screen Sharing
macOS: Screen sharing is integrated with OS
Can also be viewed with VNC
Available devices appear in finder
Linux: Many options available (some built into distro)
Ubuntu: Remmina
UltraVNC - Any distro
macOS: Force Quit
macOS: Force Quit allows an application to be stopped
Command-Option-Escape
Apple menu in upper left corner
Option> Right Click > App in dock
macOS: Multiple Desktops/Mission Control
macOS: Mission Control Quickly view everything that's running Spreads desktop into viewable area 3 Finger Swipe-Up (or Control-Up) Spaces = Multiple Desktops (inside Mission Control)
macOS: Key Chain
macOS: KeyChain - Centralized Password Manager
Integrated into OS; any app can use it
3DES Encryption - Need right password
Uses login password to encrypt
macOS: Spot Light
macOS: Spotlight Find files/apps/images/etc Magnifying glass in upper right Define search categories: System Preferences > Spotlight
macOS: iCloud
macOS: iCloud
Integrate Apple tech
Share across systems (docs/contacts/calendar/etc)
Backup iOS devices
macOS: Gestures
macOS: Gestures
Allows you to extend capabilities of track pad
1, 2, or 3 fingers - Swipe/Pinch/Click
System Preferences > Trackpad
macOS: Finder
macOS: Finder
Central OS file manager (Windows Explorer basically)
File servers, remote storage, screen sharing
macOS: Remote Disc
macOS: Remote Disc
Use an optical drive from another computer
Designed for copying files
Just for data transfer (no audio CDs or video DVDs)
System Preferences > Sharing > DVD/CD Sharing
macOS: Dock
macOS: Fast access to apps/folders
View running apps (dot under icon)
Auto-hide feature, can move screen location
macOS: Boot Camp
macOS: Boot Camp
Allows dual boot between Windows/macOS
Everything is manage through Boot Camp
Builds partition, installs OS & drivers
WWAN Connections
Wireless Wide Area Network
Built-in mobile technology
Hardware adapter (antenna connections)
USB connected or 802.11 Wireless
Tether/Hotspot
Requires 3rd party software
RADIUS & TACACS+
RADIUS:
Primarily used for network access
Combines authentication & authorization
Encrypts only the password in access request packet
TACACS+
Encrypts entire payload of access request packet
Primarily used for device administration
Separates authentication & authorization
