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CompTIA A+ 1002 > 1) OS Features & Utilities > Flashcards

1) OS Features & Utilities Flashcards

1
Q

Device Manager

A

Allows users to view/control the hardware attached to the computer.

Can update drivers.

Can enable/disable devices.

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2
Q

Local Security Policy

A

Tool used to set local policies on an individual system

Can be used to deny Guest account

Only good for individual computers

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3
Q

Performance Monitor (Object & Counter)

A

The primary tool for tracking system resources over time. (Perfmon.msc)

Object: A system component given a set of characteristics that can be managed by the OS as a single entity.

Counter: Tracks specific info about an object

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4
Q

Services

A

Control Panel > Admin Tools > Services
Can also be found in task manager (Win10)

A program that runs in the background.

Similar to a UNIX daemon.

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5
Q

System Configuration

A

AKA: msconfig

A system utility used to help troubleshoot & change startup settings.

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6
Q

Task Scheduler

A

An administrative tool for scheduling maintenance or monitoring.

Triggers: Actions/schedules that start a program

Actions: Steps that define both the program to run and how it is run.

Conditions: Extra criteria that must be met for the program to run.

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7
Q

Component Services

A

Enables programmers to share data objects between applications on a single computer.

Used for rare times when a programmer needs you to make manual changes or when something is wrong.

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8
Q

Data Sources

A

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)
Coding standard that enables programmers to write databases & applications that use them to query ODBC on how to locate/access a database without concern about what app or OS is used.

ODBC Data Source Administrator:
Enables you to create/manage entries (Data Source Names/DSNs) that point to the ODBC database

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9
Q

Print Management

A

A snap-in MMC (Microsoft Management Console) that enables you to install, view, & manage all printers in your organization from any computer running Windows Server.

Can send emails/notifications or run scripts when a printer needs attention.

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10
Q

Windows Memory Diagnostics

A

Control Panel > Admin Tools > Memory Diagnostic

A Windows diagnostic tool that helps detect bad RAM.

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11
Q

Windows Defender Firewall

A

Default software firewall on Windows computers.
Handles port blocking, security logging, & more.

Exceptions: Allows you to choose which programs/services can pass through the firewall.

Domain Networks, Private Networks, Guest/Public Networks

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12
Q

Advanced Security

A

Advanced settings in Windows Defender Firewall.

You have much more control over how Windows treats exceptions. Expands exceptions to include custom rules for inbound/outbound data.

Rules: Name, Group, Associated Profile, Enabled/Disabled Status, Remote/Local Address, Remote/Local Port Number

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13
Q

Event Viewer

A

Powerful tool for examining issues with software/hardware via logs.

By default, stores logs as .evtx files
C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs

Four Main bars over center pane:
Overview
Summary of Administrative Events
Recently Viewed Notes
Log Summary
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14
Q

User Account Management

A

Settings > Accounts

Control Panel > User Accounts

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15
Q

MSCONFIG - General Tab

A 
Select startup type for next boot.
Normal Startup
Diagnostic Startup (Basic devices/services only)
Selective Startup (You choose)
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16
Q

MSCONFIG - Boot Tab

A

Contains advanced boot features.

Can view every copy of Windows installed, set default OS, or delete an OS from boot menu.

Set up safe boot
(Forces Windows to boot in safe mode until turned off)

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17
Q

MSCONFIG - Services Tab

A

Almost identical to services tab in task manager.

Displays services (programs running in background)
Can enable/disable services
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18
Q

MSCONFIG - Startup Tab

A

Toggle on/off any startup programs

Windows 10: This is located in task manager
It’s still in msconfig, but it links you to open task manager.

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19
Q

MSCONFIG - Tools Tab

A

Lists available utilities:

Event Viewer, Performance Monitor, Command Prompt, etc

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20
Q

Task Manager

A

Tabs in task manager:

Processes, Performance, App history, Startup, Users, Details, Services

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21
Q

Disk Management - Drive status, Mounting, Initializing

A

Status: Will display if drives are healthy or not.
Foreign drive, formatting, failed, online, offline.

Mounting: Right click partition > Change Drive Letter & Paths > Add

Initializing: Adding a drive letter to a new disk that doesn’t show up in file explorer.
Right Click Drive > Initialize Disk

22
Q

Disk Management - Extending, Splitting, & Shrinking Partitions

A

Right click on the drive & select either Shrink or Extend volume.

23
Q

Disk Management - Assign Drive Letters

A

Right click partition/drive > Change Drive Letter & Paths > Add

24
Q

Disk Management - Arrays, & Storage Spaces

A

Arrays: When you mirror or stripe a volume, it will be converted to a dynamic disk.
Mirrored Volume; Striped Volume; RAID5 Volume

Storage Spaces:
Functions like a RAID management tool
Simple Spaces, Mirror Spaces, Parity Spaces

Windows 8+ you can create a storage pool (turns 1+ physical drives into single storage pool)

Thin Provisioning: You can create a space with more capacity than current drives. Once capacity is reached, storage spaces will allow you to add more.

25
Q

Regedit

A

Allows you to edit registry files.
Registry includes virtually everything in Windows in regards to settings/components/software/hardware.

Contains root keys with subkeys listed within.
Root Keys:
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
Defines standard class objects.
Class object: Named group of functions that defines what you can do with the object it represents.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER | HKEY_USERS
Current User: Current user settings
Users: All personalized info for each user
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
All data for system’s non-user-specific configurations
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
If values in local machine have more than one options, this key defines which one is currently being used

26
Q

Services.msc

A

Allows you to view & manage all services.

Start/Stop/Pause/Resume/Restart

27
Q

MMC

A

A shell program that holds individual utilities (snap-ins).
Designed for administration & troubleshooting.

Snap-in Examples:
Event Viewer, Device Manager, Disk Management, Services, Task Scheduler, Defender, GPO, Performance Monitor, etc

28
Q

MSTSC

A

Runs Remote Desktop Application (RDP)
Allows for one user to take control of desktop at a time.
Allows remote access to another computer’s GUI

Others that are related:
Remote Assistance: Enables you to give anyone control of your desktop or take control of someone else’s.

RemoteApp: Windows can run specific applications hosted on another machine.

29
Q

Explorer

A

GUI application for viewing drives/folders/files in hierarchical form.

30
Q

Msinfo32

A

Collects information about hardware resources, components, & the software environment.

System summary provides hardware specifications.

Provides a report, helping to troubleshoot & diagnose issues/conflicts.

You can also gather info about remote computers over the network.

31
Q

DxDiag

A

DirectX Diagnostic Tool
A diagnostic tool used to identify current DirectX version & specifications.

DirectX is a Microsoft protocol used to help programmers take control of certain pieces of hardware and talk directly to it (ex: GPU)

32
Q

Disk Defragmenter

A

Tool used for defragmenting hard disks.

Reduces the fragmentation in the memory of a hard disk.

33
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - Connections

A

Allows you to add Dial-Up or VPN connection.

You can also choose a proxy (in LAN settings)

34
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - Security

A

Allows you to adjust internet security settings.
Can adjust “Security zone level”
Medium, Medium-High, High

Can add trusted & restricted websites.

35
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - General

A

Change default home page. Tab settings. Browsing history. Appearance.

36
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - Privacy

A

Allows you to adjust browser cookie settings.

Can choose what type of cookies to allow, or specify websites to disable cookies on.

Toggle pop-up blocker on/off

Disable toolbars/extensions on InPrivate browsing.

37
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - Programs

A

Set default browser, manage add-ons, select HTML editor, choose default internet programs, choose file extensions for browser to use.

38
Q

Control Panel: Internet Options - Advanced

A

Advanced internet options

Accessibility, Accelerated Graphics, Browsing, HTTP, International, Multimedia, Security

39
Q

Control Panel: Folder Options - View Hidden Files, Hide Extensions

A

Windows 10: File Explorer Options > View Tab

Hidden Files:
Check “Show hidden files, folders, and drives”

File Extensions:
Check on/off “Hide extensions for known file types”

40
Q

Control Panel: Folder Options - General & View Options

A

View Tab:
Adjust settings for what file explorer displays.

General Tab:
Open File Explorer To: Quick Access/Drive
Open each folder in same/new window
Single Click/Double Click
Privacy:
Show Recently Used Files/Folders
Clear file explorer history
41
Q

Control Panel: System - Performance (Virtual Memory)

A

Windows 7:
Control Panel > System/Security > System > Advanced System Settings > Performance Tab
Adjust page file size (Initial Size & Max Size [2x])

Windows 10:
Settings > Search “Performance” > Adjust the appearance/performance of Windows
Advanced Tab > Virtual Memory > Change

42
Q

Control Panel: System - Remote Settings

A

Control Panel or Settings > System > Remote Desktop

Allows you to change remote desktop settings.

43
Q

Control Panel: System - System Protection

A

Control Panel > System > System Protection (Right Pane)

Create a restore point or perform system restore.

44
Q

Control Panel: Power Options

A

Settings > Power & Sleep
Control Panel > Power Options

Plans: Balanced, Power Saver, High Performance (more energy), Ultimate Performance (most energy)

Advanced: Adjust sleep settings for different devices

45
Q

Control Panel: Credential Manager

A

Control Panel > User Accounts > Credential Manager

Allows you to save web & Windows credentials

46
Q

Control Panel: Programs/Features

A

Control Panel > Programs > Programs/Features

Allows you to uninstall/change, reinstall all programs.

Other options:
View installed updates
Turn Windows features on/off

47
Q

Control Panel: HomeGroup

A

Windows 7:
Control Panel > Network/Internet > HomeGroup

HomeGroup: Group of PCs on a home network that can share files & printers.

48
Q

Control Panel: Sound

A

Displays playback and recording devices.

Allows you to edit windows sounds.

Communications tab allows you to reduce volume of other sounds or mute other sounds during a call.

49
Q

Control Panel: Troubleshooting

A

Allows you to troubleshoot:

Programs
Run programs for previous Windows versions.

Hardware/Sound
Troubleshoot Audio Recording/Playback
Use a printer

Network/Internet
Connect
Access shared files/folders

System/Security
Fix Windows Update problems
Run maintenance tasks (clean up files)
Improve power usage

50
Q

Control Panel: Network/Sharing Center

A

Set up new connection/network
Troubleshoot problems
Change adapter settings
Media streaming options

Change advanced settings
Turn on/off network discovery
Turn on/off file/printer sharing

51
Q

Control Panel: BitLocker

A

Allows you to toggle BitLocker on/off

Allows you to add BitLocker To Go for removable flash media.

52
Q

Control Panel: Sync Center

A

Allows you to sync files with a network server so that you always have the most updated copies when you need them.

Can allow you to access shared files/folders on your network at any time, even when not connected to the network.

CompTIA A+ 1002 (13 decks)

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