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CompTIA A+ 1002 > 1) Command Line > Flashcards

1) Command Line Flashcards

1
Q

Windows: Dir

A

Displays contents of current working directory.

Switches:
/p = Pauses after screen full of info
/w = Displays only filenames
/a = Displays files with specified attributes (see below)
D = Directories | H = Hidden files | R = Read-only
S = System files

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2
Q

Windows: Cd

A

Changes to specified directory (change directory)
Syntax: cd \documents\testfolder
Change Drives: cd D (do not use colon, just drive letter)
.. = Move up a directory
\ = root directory

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3
Q

Windows: Md/Rd

A

Md = Make Directory
Syntax: md /documents/newfolder

Rd = Remove directory
Syntax: rd /documents/newfolder

Rd Switches
/S = Removes all directories & files in specified directory
/Q = Quiet mode, does not ask if okay to remove

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4
Q

Windows: Ipconfig

A

Displays IP configuration details

Switches
/all = Displays all IP config info
/release = releases current IP address from DHCP
/renew = re-assigns an IP via DHCP
/flushdns = clears DNS cache
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5
Q

Windows: Ping

A

Used to test if an domain/IP can be reached & how long it takes

Switches

  • t = ping specified host until stopped (ctrl-c)
  • a = resolve address to host names
  • l = specify ping packet size (buffer size)
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6
Q

Windows: Tracert

A

Shows the route that a packet takes to get to its destination (via domain or IP address)

Switches

  • d = do not resolve addresses to hostnames
  • 4 = force using IPv4
  • 6 = force using IPv6
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7
Q

Windows: Netstat

A

Shows all TCP/UDP connections on your computer

Switches

  • a = displays all connections & listening ports
  • q = displays all connections, listening ports, and bound non-listening TCP ports
  • r = displays routing table

Dion recommends -ano switch to view details

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8
Q

Windows: Nslookup

A

Enables you to determine exactly what info the DNS server is giving you about a specific hostname.
Displays host’s IP address (4 & 6)

Takes you to its own terminal
Then type in the web address being queried

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9
Q

Windows: Shutdown

A

Enables you to shut down a local or remote computer

Switches
/r = reboot (full shutdown/restart)
/s = shutdown
/l = log off
/a = abort shutdown
/m \\computer = specify target computer
/f = force applications to close without warning
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10
Q

Windows: Sfc

A

System file checker
Looks at system store (backup copies of critical files)
Compares them with current working files
Can choose to repair or verify only

Switches
/scannow = scans integrity of all protected files & repairs if needed
/verifyonly = scans integrity of all protected files
no repairs

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11
Q

Windows: Dism

A

Deployment Image Servicing/Management Tool
Best to run sfc first, if sfc finds a problem, run dism

Syntax: dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth

Enumerates, installs, uninstalls, configures, & updates features/packages in Windows images.

Switches
/online = Targets running OS
/checkhealth = looks for corruptions inside image
/restorehealth = attempts to repair corrupted scanned files automatically

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12
Q

Windows: Chkdsk

A

Checks a HDD & displays a status report

Switches
/f = fixes errors on the disk

Volume = specify drive to check
Syntax: chkdsk volume:C:

/scan = runs online scan of volume
/L:size = specify log file size in Kb
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13
Q

Windows: Diskpart

A

Type ? for help
Command line partitioning tool equipped with its own commands.

List disk (shows disks & disk numbers)
Select disk 1 (select disk number 1 or whichever)
Create partition primary
List partition
Select partition
Assign (assigns drive letter to selected drive/partition)
Clean (removes all partition/volume formatting)
Create (creates partition on a disk)

Format (formats drive)
Syntax: format fs=ntfs quick label=test
Quick formats to NTFS with name test

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14
Q

Windows: Tasklist/Taskkill

A

Tasklist
Displays current running programs with PIDs & mem usage

Taskkill
Kills process by PID or name

Switches
/f = force quit
/t = terminates the process & child processes

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15
Q

Windows: Gpupdate

A

Forces an update to new group policies (AD)

Switches
/force = reapplies policy settings
/target = specify user/computer to target update for
/logoff = logoff after GP updates
/boot = restart after applying GP updates

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16
Q

Windows: Gpresult

A

Gives a quick overview of all security policies applied to a user/computer

Switches
/s = specifies name/IP of a remote PC (default: local)
/u = uses credentials of specified user to run command
/p = specifies password of user provided by /u
/z = displays all info about GP

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17
Q

Windows: Format

A

Formats a disk to accept Windows files (admin)
Syntax: format e: /q /fs:exFAT

Switches
/q = quick format
/c = compress new volume (NTFS)
/fs: = specify file system
/v: = specify volume name
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18
Q

Windows: Copy/Move/Del

A

Copy = copy file
copy filename.txt \users\filepath

Move = moves file (same copy syntax)

Del = deletes file
del \documents\file.txt
Wild card = *
del *.txt (deletes all text files)
del *.* (deletes all files in directory)
19
Q

Windows: Xcopy

A

Copies files & directories, including subdirectories

Switches
/s = copy all subdirectories
/h = copy hidden files
/l = list files to be copied
/r = copies read-only files
20
Q

Windows: Robocopy

A

Basically the same as Xcopy except:
Checks destination directory & doesn’t waste time copying unchanged files

Switches
/s = copies subdirectories (excludes empty)
/e = copies subdirectories (includes empty)
/mov = files, delete from source after copied (cut)
/move = files/directories, delete from source after (cut)

21
Q

Windows: Net use

A

Used for mapping network shares

Syntax Example: Map resource to x: drive
net use x: \server1\research

22
Q

Windows: Net user

A

Create/delete/change user accounts (admin)

On its own, displays user list

Syntax: net user username password
net user JohnDoe password123 /add
net user JohnDoe /delete

/active:no/yes = enables/disables user account

23
Q

Windows: /?

A

Shows help options for specified command.

24
Q

Linux: Ls

A

Displays contents of present working directory.
/ = Root directory | .. = Parent directory
~ = Home directory

ls > output.txt (outputs result to file)

Flags

  • l = long format info
  • la = includes hidden files/directories
  • lh = displays file size too
  • s = shows folder/file size
  • t = sort by last modified date/time (-tr to reverse)
  • R = all files/directories with subdirectories
  • S = sort by file size (Sr to reverse)
25
Q

Linux: Pipe “|”

A

Lets you use 2+ commands such that the output of one command serves as the input to the next

Cat filename | less
Displays file contents with one scroll length at a time

26
Q

Linux: Grep

A

Used to search for a string of characters in a specified file.
Syntax: grep “string” filename.txt

With pipeline
ifconfig | grep 192.168.4.15

Flags

  • r = recursive search (all files/subdirectories)
  • l = list files containing the match
  • w = whole word matches
  • n = line number
  • i = removes case sensitivity
27
Q

Linux: Cd

A

Changes directory
Syntax: cd Documents
or cd /home/user/Documents

Add quotes if there is a space in the folder name

28
Q

Linux: Cat

A

Displays file contents
Syntax: cat flags filename
cat list1.txt

Flags

  • A = show all
  • n = adds line numbers
29
Q

Linux: Shutdown

A

Shuts down computer

Flags
-c = cancel shutdown
\+20 = specifies number of minutes until shutdown
15:00 = specifies time to shut down
Now = shutdown immediately

-r = reboot system (1 min)
or add “now” or specific time to schedule restart

30
Q

Linux: Pwd

A

Shows present working directory.

31
Q

Linux: Passwd

A

Change user password
Syntax: passwd username
Will have you enter current password and new password.

Flags

  • e = set an account’s password to expire
  • l = lock user account
  • d = delete password
32
Q

Linux: Mv

A

Move file to specified path
Syntax: mv flags source destination

mv file1.txt file2.txt = basically renames file
mv file1.txt dir1/ = moves file to dir1 directory

Flags

  • i = will prompt if you are overwriting
  • v = (verbose) displays what is happening
33
Q

Linux: Cp

A

Copies file to specified path
Syntax: cp flags source destination
Source can be 1+ files

  • i = will prompt if overwriting
  • R = recursive copy (creates directory specified if it doesn’t exist)
34
Q

Linux: Rm/Rmdir

A

Rmdir = remove directory
Syntax: rmdir flags directoryname
-p = removes all directories in filepath
-v = (verbose) displays what is happening

Rm = remove files & directories

  • r = removes directory structure
  • f = never prompt user (ignores nonexistent files)
  • d = identical to rmdir
35
Q

Linux: Mkdir

A 
Make directory (creates directory)
Syntax: mkdir directoryname
mkdir directory/pictures = creates subdirectory

Create multiple directories
mkdir -p folder/{sub1,sub2,sub3}
-p = creates directory structure

36
Q

Linux: Chmod

A

Changes file permissions for specified file
chmod u+x file.txt = adds x for owner
chmod u-x file.txt = removes x for owner

Numbering
4 = r | 2 = w | 1 = x
7 = rwx | 6 = rw | 5 = rx

chmod 754 file.txt
rwx for owner | rx for group | r for other

This is over-simplified for someone that doesn’t fully understand

37
Q

Linux: Chown/Chgrp

A

Chown = change file owner
sudo chown devon file.txt
-R = apply to files within directories recursively

Chgrp = change group owner
Old, you can do this with chown

38
Q

Linux: iwconfig/ifconfig

A

ifconfig = basically ipconfig for Linux/macOS

iwconfig = gives details about NIC(s)

39
Q

Linux: Ps

A

Displays processes currently running (PID & name)

Flags
aux = list all details for all processes (all users)
a = all users
u = detailed process info
x = list processes without a controlling terminal
-r = all running processes
-x = processes owned by user

40
Q

Linux: Kill

A

Kills specified process (PID or name)
Syntax: kill flags pid/processname
kill 3286 or kill process-name

Flags

  • KILL = force quit
  • 9 = sync kill, powerful force quit
41
Q

Linux: su/sudo

A

Sudo
Runs command with super-user/admin permissions
-s = changes full terminal to root permissions

Su
Allows you to become another user
Syntax: su user

42
Q

Linux: Apt/Apt-get

A 
Use sudo before running
Apt update = update package lists
Apt upgrade = install updated packages
Apt install program-name
Apt remove program-name
Apt show package-name (package details)
Apt search userquery (search for packages with query)

Apt-get is basically the same thing, except outdated

43
Q

Linux: Vi

A

Built-in text editor for all Linux distros
Syntax: vi filename.php
If no extension is specified, txt file

Two Modes
Command Mode (use cursor to select/cut/copy/paste/delete)
Insert Mode (ESC key in command mode or press I)
Insert & edit text
44
Q

Linux: DD

A

Used to create an exact, bit-by-bit image of any form of block storage (any mass storage medium)

Syntax:
dd if= of=

Uses:
Copy a hard drive, backup a thumb drive, wipe a disk

Wiping a disk
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdb

CompTIA A+ 1002 (13 decks)

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