1: URBAN ISSUES Flashcards
causes of urbanisation (4)
rural-urban migration -
push:
natural disasters
war
lack of emp
drought
pull:
job opps
better healthcare and edu
increased QoL
natural increase -
high birth rate:
lack of contraception or education
population at child-bearing age
low death rate:
higher life expec
improved med facilities
talk abt megacities
over 10 mill
over 2/3 are NEEs and LICs
greenbelt vs brownfield
greenbelt: not built on, strictly controlled to prevent urban sprawl
brownfield: previously used land that has been vacated or derelict or contaminated
define urban regeneration
the revival of old, urban areas to revive what was there previously or remove and rebuild
talk about sustainable urban living (4):
living in cities that do not pollute the environment and using resources so future gens can also use them
water conservation:
educating on less water
collect rainwater for gardens and toilet flushing
energy conservation:
promoting renewable energy sources
energy efficient homes
recycling:
collection of household waste
more local recycling facilities
creating green space:
encourages exercise
habitat growth
planning for the urban poor - Lagos (3 for and against)
built out of shipping containers-
25% cheaper than brick and mortar
7 day long construction- deals with fast growing pop
can have bathrooms and kitchens. which improves sanitation
BUT
still very expensive for most in Lagos
community of slums is lost
will need to be well insulated to prevent overheating as are made from metal
problems caused by traffic: (econ, environ and social)
environmental problems:
increases air pollution, enhanced greenhouse gas effect, climate change
economic problems:
congestion can make people late for work and business deliveries to take longer. companies may lose money
social problems:
greater risk of accidents, can lead to accidents for pedestrians
congestion solutions: (4)
widen roads
public transport, cycle lanes
ring roads and bypasses
congestion charges preventing those wanting to enter in busy cityscapes
importance of London (2)
grew due to docks and importance of trade
world city, centre for media and communications, education, tourism
Opportunities in London
Notting Hill: gentrified, very popular area
prices of £2 mill in 2015
Cross Rail: brings 1.5 million people within a 45 min journey to central. property values around route raised by 25%
Urban Greening: protection of green space, looking after wildlife, encouraging species migration
Challenges in London
Notting Hill: area of deprivation because of migration in 1950. led to race riots
Cross Rail: people cannot afford to buy houses there
Urban Greening: Garden Bridge cancelled due to econ costs. already cost £40 million
Olympic Park regen: (3 each)
the problems: hosting 2012 olympics, needed regen
river lee polluted, needed cleaning
area contaminated from industrial pollution
the solution:
new houses, schools and facilities built
olympic stadium home to west ham but is also an athletic stadium
river was cleaned and bridges were built
causes of growth in lagos
natural increase: fertility rate 5.4
rural urban migration: 500 000 per year
managing growth in slums:
60% live in slums eg makoko
cholera outbreaks
37% literacy rates
elec only available illegally
opportunities in Lagos:
social: better healthcare and hospitals
businesses
elec
econ:
international airport (80% of flights in africa)
unis and schools
environ: opportuinity to build sustainably
