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Immunology > 1. Tissues of the Immune System > Flashcards

1. Tissues of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary lymphoid organs examples

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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2
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs examples

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, mucosal associated (MALT, GALT, BALT)

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3
Q

What does the B in B cells indicate?

A

Cells derived from Bursa (first seen in birds) equivalent tissues (of which includes bone marrow and foetal liver)

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4
Q

What are primary lymphoid tissues?

A

Involved in development and differentiation of lymphocytes

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5
Q

What are secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Where antigens and lymphocytes accumulate and are brought together to bind

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6
Q

What are tertiary lymphoid tissues?

A

Maybe invaded by unique subsets of memory lymphocytes during inflammation

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7
Q

Tertiary lymphoid organs examples

A

Skin

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8
Q

What is the structure of the thymus?

A

Two lobes divided into smaller lobules by trabeculae. Each lobule has an outer cortex and inner medulla. Gets smaller with age

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9
Q

What is thymocyte development affect by?

A

Thymus nurse cells

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10
Q

What are naive lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes that have not yet met their antigen

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11
Q

What happens to thymocytes that recognise self cells?

A

Apoptosed and cleaned up by Hassall’s corpuscles

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12
Q

What specifically do TCRs bind to?

A

foreign molecules that have been broken down into smaller peptides and presented via the MHC

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13
Q

process of t cell differentiation

A

double negative (do not express either CD4 or 8) then double positive and then either. CD3 and TCR expression also increases as it matures. takes 1-3 weeks

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14
Q

what do BCRs bind to?

A

the whole pathogen

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15
Q

lymphatic system

A

vessels of extracellular fluid. how lymphocytes and leukocytes move throughout the body

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16
Q

how do lymphocytes move throughout the blood?

A

bind to adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and roll along the vessel

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17
Q

efferent pathway

A

exit - out of the lymphatic system via the thoracic duct

18
Q

afferent pathway

A

arrival - into the lymphatic system via HEV

19
Q

lymphocyte homing

A

migration - the traffic of cells through the body to specific areas

20
Q

lymph nodes structure

A

small, bean-shaped, tissue aggregates at junctions of major lymphatic vessels, surrounded by a capsule & supported by a reticulum

21
Q

what are the three main areas of lymph nodes?

A

cortex, paracortical area, medulla

22
Q

HEV

A

high endothelial venules

23
Q

where do t and b cells collect in the lymph nodes?

A

t - paracortical

b - outer cortex (bind to antigens first since don’t need breaking down)

24
Q

paracortical area

A

contains antigen presenting cells and large lymphocytes

25
Q

medulla

A

contains plasma secreting antibodies

26
Q

primary vs secondary follicles

A

Primary follicles are very dense & uniform

Secondary follicles contain larger cells associated with macrophages forming GERMINAL CENTRES with lots of cell proliferation

27
Q

what happens after antigen exposure in lymph nodes?

A

increased lymphocyte turnover

28
Q

why do lymph nodes swell during infection?

A

increased lymphocyte proliferation

29
Q

spleen structure

A

Capsule with fibrous partitions (SEPTAE)

30
Q

what are the two types of spleen tissue?

A

red and white pulp

31
Q

Red pulp

A

Non-immunological role - filters damaged or aged red cells

32
Q

White pulp

A

Immunological role – to develop immune

responses

33
Q

PALS

A

PERIARTERIOLAR LYMPHATIC SHEATH - makes up white pulp of spleen, populated with T lymphocytes

34
Q

spleen b-dependent area

A

lymphoid follicles

35
Q

spleen t-dependent area

A

PALS

36
Q

Examples of MALT

A

GALT and BALT

37
Q

Structure of GALT

A

Peyer’s patches and isolated follicles in colonic submucosa, clusters/intraepithelial lymphocytes

38
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

Aggregates of lymphocytes; B cells form central follicle surrounded by T cells & macrophages/antigen presenting cells, covered by microfold cells

39
Q

microfold cells

A

selectively takes up antigens to deliver them to lymphoid follicles

40
Q

BALT structure

A

consists of collections of mostly B cells organised into aggregates & follicles with few germinal centres, some M cells but organisation is less defined

Immunology (9 decks)

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