1. the structure of DNA Flashcards
describe the structure of DNA
DNA is a double-stranded helix made up of repeating units called nucleotides.
DNA is described as being a double stranded antiparallel structure, with deoxyribose and phosphate at 3’ and 5’ ends of each strand, forming a double helix
what are nucleotides composed of
a phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar and a base
what is the base pairing rule
adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine
what bonds pair bases together
hydrogen bonds
what are the DNA backbones made of
strong sugar-phosphate bonds
DNA can be organised by being either…
linear or circular
describe Eukaryotes
they have linear chromosomes in the nucleus which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins called histones. (animal, plant, fungi)
they also contain circular chromosomes in their mitochondria and chloroplasts
yeast is a special type of eukaryote because it also contains plasmids
describe Prokaryotes
they have a single circular chromosome which is not found in the nucleus and not tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins called histones.
they also contain smaller circular plasmids
bacteria are an example of a prokaryote
