1. The self [ D ]

Question 1

Self-presentation ?

Answer 1

Self-presentation - managing the self in different social contexts.

Question 2

Define :

1. Self - promotion
   &
2. Self - verification perspective

Answer 2

1. Self - promotion = presenting our most favourable aspects.
2. self - verification perspective = present ourselves in ways that induce others to agree with our own self views.

Question 3

Define :

3. Ingratiation
   &
4. Self - deprecating

Answer 3

3. ingratiation = when we try to make others like us by conveying that we like them.
4. Self - deprecating = put the self down or imply one is not as good as the other.

Question 4

Define :

A ] introspection

Answer 4

introspection = looking inward to discover the cause of our own behavior.

Question 5

Define : Salience ?

Answer 5

Salience is when something stands out from its background or is the focus of attention.

Question 6

Self - concepts ?

1. Independent :
2. Interdependent :

Answer 6

1. Independent :
   - Individualistic cultures
   - Separate from others
2. Interdependent :
   - Collectivist cultures
   - Connected to others

Question 7

Define : Autobiographical memory

Answer 7

Autobiographical memory

= is concerned with memory of ourselves in the past, as compered to the past present view of oneself.

Question 8

Define : Self - Efficacy ?

Answer 8

Self - efficacy :

Belief that one can achieve a goal as a result of ones own actions.

Entrepreneur’s typically have high levels of perceived self-efficacy.

Question 9

Define : Self - Control ?

Answer 9

Self - Control ?

• Foregoing short term rewards to wait for long term rewards.
• e.g quit smoking.

Question 10

Define : Self - Esteem ?

Answer 10

Self - Esteem :

• The degree to which the self is perceived positively or negatively.
• Ones overall attitude toward the self.

Question 11

Is High Self - Esteem Always Beneficial ?

Pros & Cons :

Answer 11

Self - Esteem -

Pros :
Depression, Drug abuse, Poor Academic Performance, Violence.

Cons :
Bullying, Narcissism, Aggression.

Question 12

Define : Social Comparison ?

Answer 12

Social Comparison =

• Method of comparison depends on people’s motives for comparison
• To feel good
• To be accurate

Question 13

Social Comparisons :

A ] Downward Social Comparison ?
B ] Upward Social Comparison ?

Answer 13

A ] downward Social Comparison = Compare to others who do less well.

B ] Upward Social Comparison = Compare to others who do better.

Question 14

Attribution Theory ?

Answer 14

Attribution Theory : is the area of psych concerned with when and how people ask ‘WHY’ questions.

We are especially likely to make attributions when events are negative or unexpected.

• A behaviour is not socially desirable.
• A behaviour is freely chosen
• A behaviour is not part of a social role.

Question 15

Define :

A ] Dispositional [ Internal ] Attributions.

B ] Situational [ External ] Attributions.

Answer 15

A ] Dispositional [ Internal ] Attributions = refer to traits, attitudes, enduring internal states.

B ] Situational [ External ] Attributions = refer to aspects of the external environment, including other people.

Question 16

Attribution Theory :

1. Consistency ?
2. Consensus ?
3. Distinctiveness ?

Answer 16

1. Consistency = is the persons response consistent over time ?
2. Consensus = Do other people have similar responses ?
3. distinctiveness = Does the person respond similarly to other similar stimuli?

Question 17

Discounting principle ?

Answer 17

The Discounting principle suggests that we are less likely to attribute an effect to a particular cause if more than one cause is likely.

Question 18

Fundamental Attribution Error ?

Answer 18

Fundamental Attribution Error : people tend to overestimate how much a person’s actions are due to dispositions, such as personality, rather than the situation.

Question 19

Define : Stereotype ?

Answer 19

Stereotype threat occurs when people believe that they might be judged in light of a negative stereotype about their group.

Question 20

Social comparison Theory ?

Answer 20

Social Comparison Theory :

Suggests that we compare ourselves to others because there is no other objective yardstick to evaluate ourselves against.