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Biology XI > 1 The Living World > Flashcards

1 The Living World Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A

Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism, Organisation,
Adaptation, Consciousness, Homeostasis,
Ageing, Repair, Regeneration and Death.

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2
Q

What is the mode of reproduction in the following organisms?

1) Planaria
2) Yeast & Hydra
3) Fungi/Algae/Mosses

A

Planaria (Flat worms) – Regeneration
Yeast & Hydra – Budding
Fungi/Algae/Mosses – Fragmentation

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3
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All living organisms are made of chemicals which are constantly being made and changed into some other bio molecules. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is called metabolism

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4
Q

What is consciousness?

A

The most technically complicated feature of all living organisms is the ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli which could be physical, chemical or biological. This is known as consciousness

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5
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

Since there are millions of plants and animals in the world, there is a need to standardise the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world. This process is known as nomenclature

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6
Q

Which organisation is responsible for giving scientific names to plants?

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).

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7
Q

Which organisation is responsible for giving scientific names to animals?

A

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

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8
Q

Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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9
Q

Who gave the system of binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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10
Q

What are the two components of a biological name?

A

Each biological name has two components – the Generic name and the specific epithet

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11
Q

What is the biological name of mango?

A

Mangifera indica

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12
Q

What is classification?

A

Classification is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some characters

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13
Q

What is taxa?

A

The scientific term used for categories on the basis of which classification is done is taxa.

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14
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Based on various characteristics, all living organisms can be classified into different taxa and this process of classification is called taxonomy

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15
Q

Which information form the basis of modern taxonomic studies?

A

External and internal structure, along with the structure of cell, development process and ecological information of organisms are essential and form the basis of modern taxonomic studies

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16
Q

What is systematics? What does it take account into?

A

The branch of study which deals with the diversity and relationships among living organisms is called Systematics. It takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms

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17
Q

What was the title of the publication of Linnaeus?

A

Systema Naturae

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18
Q

What are taxonomic categories?

A

Classification involves hierarchy of steps in which each step represents a rank or a category. These categories are known as taxonomic categories

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19
Q

What is the order of taxonomic hierarchy?

A

kingdoms, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Kings
Play
Chess
On 
Fine
Green 
Sheet
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20
Q

What is a species?

A

Species, in biology, classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.

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21
Q

What is a genus?

A

Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera

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22
Q

What is a family?

A

Family has a group of related genera with still less number of similarities as compared to genus and species. They are characterised on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species

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23
Q

What is an order?

A

Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters

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24
Q

What is a class?

A

Class includes related orders

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25
Q

What is a phylum in plants called?

A

Division

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26
Q

What is the biological name of humans?

A

Homo sapiens

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27
Q

What is the biological name of housefly?

A

Musca domestica

28
Q

What is the biological name of mango?

A

Mangifera indica

29
Q

What is the biological name of wheat?

A

Triticum aestivum

30
Q

A herbarium is a store house of what?

A

Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets

31
Q

What all information is contained on the herbarium sheet?

A

The herbarium sheets contain a label providing information about date, place, names, family, collector’s name, etc.

32
Q

What serves as a quick referral system in taxonomical studies?

A

Herbarium

33
Q

What do botanical gardens have?

A

Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference

34
Q

___________ are grown for identification and research purposes.

A

Plant species

35
Q

___________ is the largest botanical garden of the world.

A

Kew (England)

36
Q

___________ is the largest botanical garden of India.

A

Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah (India)

37
Q

Where is the National Botanical Research Institute located?

A

Lucknow (India)

38
Q

What do museums have?

A

Museums have collections of preserved plants and animal specimens for study and reference.

39
Q

In museums, how are the following specimens preserved?

a) Plants
b) Insects
c) Animals

A

Plants – Dry Specimens
Insects – Insect Box
Animals – Stuffed & Preserved

40
Q

What are keys?

A

Key is another taxonomical aid based on similarities and dissimilarities. It represents the choice between two options leading to acceptance and rejection

41
Q

The keys are based on contrasting characters in a pair called ________.

A

Couplet

42
Q

Each statement in a key is called a _______.

A

Lead

43
Q

____________ provides an actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.

A

Flora

44
Q

____________ provides information for identification of names of species in an area

A

Manuals

45
Q

____________ contains information on any one taxon.

A

Monographs

46
Q

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

A

Anabolism - Synthesis of complex substances

Catabolism - Breaking of complex substances

47
Q

The technical names recognised internationally are the ones given by Linnaeus in _________.

A

Species Plantarum

48
Q

If both generic and specific names are same, these are called __________.

A

Tautonyms

49
Q

The term ‘Neosystematics’ was given by _________.

A

Julian Huxley (Neosystematics is used to know interrelationship among living organisms)

50
Q

_________ pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species.

A

Ernst Mayr

51
Q

What is the biological name of potato?

A

Solanum tuberosum

52
Q

What is the biological name of lion?

A

Panthera leo

53
Q

What is the biological name of leopard?

A

Panthera pardus

54
Q

What is the biological name of tiger?

A

Panthera tigris

55
Q

Genus with single species is known as ________ whereas genus with more than one species is known as _________.

A

a) Monotypic

b) Polytypic

56
Q

_________ is a special type of box in which collected plant specimens are kept.

A

Vasculum

57
Q

A botanical garden exclusively growing trees and shrubs is called ___________.

A

Arboretum

58
Q

What are bracketed and indented keys?

A

In bracketed key, the alternate characters are given numbers in brackets.

In indented key, there is a sequence of two or more alternate characters from which selection and elimination are carried out.

59
Q

__________ is the branch of science dealing with identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms.

A

Taxonomy

60
Q

_________ is the third name in trinomial nomenclature.

A

Subspecies

61
Q

Who wrote Species Plantarum and provided a basis for classification of plants?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

62
Q

The internationally recognised binomial nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus in his book _________.

A

Philosophia Botanica

63
Q

An English naturalist, who wrote the book ‘Historia Generalis Plantarum’ and introduced the word ‘species’ was ___________.

A

John Ray

64
Q

In taxonomic hierarchy, cats are placed under the genus ________.

A

Felis

65
Q

The most convenient way for easy identification of plants and animals by applying diagnostic features is use of _________.

A

Taxonomic keys

66
Q

__________ is a list or register containing names of all the species found in a particular place.

A

Catalogue

Biology XI (5 decks)

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