1. The characteristics of living organsisms and variety

Question 1

What are the 8 life processes and explain?

Answer 1

Movement- By the action of muscles in animals and slow growth movements in plants.

Respiration- The release of energy from food

Sensitivity- Respondidng to stimuli (sensitiveto changes in their surrondings)

Growth- Increase in sixe and complexity using materials from their food.

Reproduction- Producing offspring

Excretion - Getting rid of waste products

Nutrition- Plants make their own food, animals eat other organisms

Homeostasis- Controlling their internal condition, maintaining a steady state inside the body

Question 2

Plants
Are plants multicellular or Unicellular?
What is their cell wall made of ?
What do they store carbohydrates as?
Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Examples?

Answer 2

Multicellular
Cellulose
Sucrose
Eukaryotic
Cactus, Rose, Lavender

Question 3

Animals
Are they multicellular or unicellular?
What do they store carbohydrates as?
Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Examples?

Answer 3

Multicellular
Glycogen
Eukaryotic
Dogs, cats, humans

Question 4

How can Fungi be subgrouped and are they multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 4

Mushrooms- multicellular
Toadstools- multicellular
Molds- multicellular
Yeast- unicellular

Question 5

Fungi
What is their cell wall made of?
Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 5

Chitin
Eukaryotic

Question 6

diseases caused by fungi

Answer 6

Athlete’s foot, ring worm

Question 7

What is a mycelium?

Answer 7

It is made up of a thread-like structure called hyphae.

Question 8

What is Saptophropic nutrition?

Answer 8

It is when fungi feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food
material and absorption of the organic products

Question 9

Examples of Fungi?

Answer 9

Mucor
Yeast

Question 10

Examples of Protoctists?

Answer 10

Amoeba
Chlorella

Question 11

Pathogenic example of protoctists?

Answer 11

Plasmodium responsible for causing malaria

Question 12

What is meant by eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 12

Organisms that have a nucleus

Question 13

What is meant by prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 13

Organisms that have no nucleus

Question 14

Bacteria

Answer 14

Small, single-celled, prokaryotic.
Shapes: Rods, spirals, spheres.
Components: Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm.
Some have flagella for movement plasmids for genetic engineering.
Examples: Lactobacillus bulgaricus (used in yogurt), Pneumococcus (causes pneumonia).

Question 15

Virus

Answer 15

Parasitic, reproduces only in living cells (host).
Not made of cells, no nucleus or cytoplasm.
Genetic material: DNA or RNA.
Examples: Influenza, colds, measles, mumps, polio, rubella, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus.