1- Symptoms of CVD

Question 1

what are common symptoms of CVD?
(2B, 4C, 2D, 1F, 2H, 2L, 4P, 2S)

Answer 1

• blackout & faints
• breathlessness
• cardiorespiratory rest
• chest pain
• cold, painful, pale, pulseless leg/foot
• cyanosis
• dizziness
• driving advice
• fever
• heart murmurs
• hypertension
• limb claudication
• low blood pressure
• pain on inspiration
• painful swollen leg
• palpitations
• peripheral oedema & ankle swelling
• skin ulcers

Question 2

what are classical symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 2

• shortness of breath
• orthopnea = difficulty breathing at night when recumbent (lying down)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea = sensation of shortness of breath that wakes patients every 1-2 hours (relieved by upright)
• reduced exercise tolerance
• fatigue
• tiredness
• ankle swelling

Question 3

what are physical signs of heart failure?

Answer 3

• crackles in auscultation of lung bases
• elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)
• oedema in dependant areas (feet, ankles, lower legs, sacrum)