1: Structure and Function of Nervous System Flashcards
What does ipsilateral mean?
On the same lateral side
What does contralateral mean?
Opposite lateral side
What are the 5 lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Limbic
- Temporal
First 4 are 1 lobe each just split into 2, Temporal is 2 separate lobes on each side of brain
Where are the main 2 sulci of the brian?
- Central Sulcus (between Frontal and Patietal lobes)
- Sylvian (Lateral) Fissure (Separates Frontal and Parietal from Temporal lobe)
What is the Corpus Callosum?
Broadband of nerve fibres linking R & L hemispheres of brain
What is the Internal Capsule? (4 points)
- White matter structure
- Bundle of fibres carrying almost all info that travels to and from cerebral cortex
- Splits structures of basal ganglia
- Between caudate nucleus and thalamus
What matter does the brain have on the outside?
Grey Matter
White inside
Brain is a coon
What matter does the spinal cord have on the outside?
White outside
Grey inside
Skinny depressed white don
What matter are subcortical structures?
Grey matter
What is the definition of a Nucleus?
Collection of cell bodies in CNS
What is the definitin of a Ganglia?
Collection of cell bodies in PNS
What is the definition of a Tract?
Bundle of nerve fibres (axons) connecting nuclei of CNS
What are the divisions of the Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain?
What is the forebrain divided into? (2 things)
- Diencephalon
- Telencephalon
What is the diencephalon divided into? (2 things)
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What is the telencephalon divided into? (2 things)
- Cerebrum
- Basal Ganglia
What is the cerebrum divided into? (2 things)
- 5 lobes of the brain
- Limbic system
What is the basal ganglia divided into? (3 things)
- Putamen
- Caudate
- Globus pallidus
What is the midbrain divided into? (2 things)
- Tectum
- Tegmentum
What is the hindbrain divided into? (3 things)
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Cerebellum
Where does the spinal cord extend to and from?
From: foramen magnum (hole in skull)
To: L1 (after that its cauda equina)
Where do sensory neurones enter the spinal cord through?
Through Dorsal Horns
What is a Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)?
Cell body of a sensory neurone that it chucks outside the spinal cord before it enters
Where do motor neurones leave the spinal cord from?
From ventral horns
What is the central matter of the spinal cord?
Grey Matter = neuronal cell bodies
What is the peripheral matter of the spinal cord?
White Matter = axons going up and down spinal cord, arranged into TRACTS with specific organisations
(e.g there is a pain tract)
What are the layers of the head? (7 layers)
- Scalp
- Periosteum
- Skull
- Meninges
- Dura Mater (Periosteal and Meningeal Dura Mater)
- Arachnoid Mater
- Subarachnoid Space
- Pia Mater
- Brain
Soggy Pasta Scares My Dog And She Poos Bricks
What is the Falx Cerebri?
Internal extension of dura mater into middle of brain (between R and L hemispheres)
What are the components of the brains ventricular system? (4 things)
- 2 Lateral Ventricles
- Third Ventricle
- Cerebral Aqueduct
- Fourth Ventricle
What is the Choroid Plexus?
Plexus of cells that produces CSF
Where is the Choroid Plexus found?
In all ventricles of the brain
Where does the CSF from and to? (4 steps)
- Lat ventricles - foramina of monro → 3rd ventricle
- 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle
- 4th ventricle - foramen of Luschka → subarachnoid space
- Travels rostrally over cerebral hemispheres → through arachnoid villi (granulation)→ dural venous sinuses
What are the 4 main functions of the CSF? (4 things)
- Brain and spinal cord float in CSF → cause lightening of brain
- Cushions CNS → dampens effects of trauma
- Removes metabolites for CNS
- Provides stable ionic environment for CNS
What is the arterial supply of the brain?
Circle of Willis
What is the Circle of Willis?
Anastomoses of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and Vertebral Artery (VA)
AMPSAP
What are the arteries supplying the Cerebral Cortex? (3 arteries)
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Posterior Cerebral Artery
What does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply? (2 things)
- Medial Surface of Frontal + Parietal lobes
- Leg area of motor and somatosensory cortex
What does the Middle Cerebral Artery supply?
Lateral surface of cerebral cortex
What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?
Inferior surface of brain
What is the venous drainage of the brain?
