1 Stroke Flashcards
What is a stroke and what affects the neurological deficit?
- Sudden onset of focal neurological deficits fitting a vascular destribution
- Neurological deficit depends on location and extent of lesion
What are some common neurological deficits from stroke?
- Impaired control over movement
- Impaired sensation/perception
- Impaired speech/language
- impaired contive function
- Visual field deficit
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
- Obstructed blood vessesl (84%)
- Clot by thromus or embolis
What are the two types of Ischemic stroke?
- Thombosis: Athersclerosis
- Embolism: DEtached mass carried by blood
Blockage deprives braina of oxygen and glucose: Infarction
What is a Hemorrhagic stroke?
Occurs when weakned blood vessel wall ruptures (17%)
- Aneurysm and ateriovenous malformations (AVM)
Describe a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- AKA Mini stroke (temporary block of artery)
- Acuose loss of focal function with sympotns < 24 hurs (usually 2 hr duration)
- due in inadequte cerebral circuation
- No permanent damage or disability
- From tiny emboli - break up and quickly dissolve
- WARNING SIGN: 30% of people with TIA have stroke within 5yrs
Describe the onset of Thrombosis Stroke
- During night or after nap
- headache + loss of motor/sensory in body
- (thrombosis > embolus or hemorrhage
Describe the onset of an Embolus stroke
- Occurs during ordinary activity - circulation more active (symptoms during daily activites)
- Embolus > Hemorrage or thrombosis
Describe the onset of a Hemorrhage stroke
Stress (exertion -cough, sneeze, valsalva)
What is the Anterior Cerebral Artery?
ACA supplies medial part of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe
Anterior part of corpus collosum,, basal ganglia, internal capsule
What is the middle cerebral artery?
- Supplies LATERAL surface of the hemisphere (not medial parts or inferior parts)
What is the Posterior Cerebral Artery?
- Supply INFEROMEDIAL part of temporal lobe, occipital lobe, visual cortex, and splenium of corpus collosum
Describe the ACA stroke
- Loss of:
- Motor function
- CONTRALATERAL LE
- Somatosensory
- CONTRALATERAL LE
- Cognitive: Executive funciton
- Planning, motor, descision making, impulse control, selective attension
Affects ACA and Homunculus
Describe the MCA Stroke
- Largest branch from ICA
- Loss of:
- Motor:
- CONTRALATERAL LOWER FACE, ARM, some trunk
- Somatosensation:
- CONTRALATERAL FACE, ARM, some trunk
- Vision:
- HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA
- Dominant Hemisphere:
- L - Motor speech, speech reception, reading, writing, calculating
- Non Dom Hemisphere:
- Hemineglect, agnosia
Describe a PCA stroke
- CONTRALATERAL visual field defect
- ex) L infarction = Acute loss in R half of visual field