1 Neuroscience

Question 1

What are 2 types of recovery?

Answer 1

• Compensation
• Resititution

Question 2

What is compensation?

Answer 2

• Accomplish same activity level before stroke with different kinetmatics, muscles, or sequencing incluin gusing other limbs/techniques
• Does not address problem on body

Question 3

What is restitution?

Answer 3

• Use the SAME muscles, sequences, and coorinated moving patterns

Question 4

What are the 3 mechanisms for restitution?

Answer 4

• Salvation of ischeminc pnumbra (first few days to weeks after stroke)
• Alleviation of diachisis
• Promotion of neuroplasticy

Question 5

How does the pneumbra benefit from medication?

Answer 5

• Breaks up clot and gets blood back to iscemic area to rescue the pnumbra
• More O2 back into the area

Question 6

What is Diaschisis?

Answer 6

• Functional changes in the brain streuctures remote from but conenct to the site of focal damage
• Localized lesion breaks up pattern of brain conectivity that was once together
  
  • Temporarily throws out funciton even tho small area was injured

Question 7

What are the mechanisms of DIaschisis?

Answer 7

• tissue hypo metabolism
• neurovascular uncoupling
  
  • diminshed cerebral blood flow response tp brain activation
• widespeard aberrant neurotransmission

Question 8

What are the 4 types of Diachisis?

Answer 8

• At rest: remote reduction of metabolism
• Functional Diaschisis: Normal brain activation during selected task may be altered, either increased or decreased after lesion
• Connectional D: distant strengths and directions of connections in a selected network may be increased or decreased
• Connectomal Diaschisis: a lesion induces WIDESPREAD changes

Question 9

Describe the resversal of diaschisis?

Answer 9

• Takes several weeks
• Activation of cell repair
• Absorption of debris

Question 10

What neuromodulation can promote recovery of diaschisis?

Answer 10

• rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
• DCS: direct current stimulation
• Pharmalogical agents

Question 11

Describe shorterm neuroplasticity

Answer 11

• Transfer chemical signals between brain cells to trigger reactions to support learning
• Occurs rapdily to support short term memory or improvement in performance
• release neurotransmitters

Question 12

Describe long term Neuroplasticity

Answer 12

• Structural
• “Use it or lose it”
• Nerves that fire out of sync fail to link

Question 13

What is synaptogenesis?

Answer 13

• Axonal sprouting
• Dendritic absorption

Activities need to be task/activity oriented to rewire neurons together for better performance

Question 14

What is axonal sprouting?

Answer 14

• Increase in number of synpases per neuron of primary motor cortex (M1)

Question 15

What is dendritic arborization?

Answer 15

• “dendritic branching”
• multi step biological process by which neurons form new dendritic trees and branches
• Correlated to function of neurons

Question 16

What is Activity dependant Neuroplasticity?

Answer 16

• Use it or lose it
• use it and improve it
• Specificity
• Repetition
• Intensity
• Time
• Salience
• Age Matters
• Tranference
• Interference