1 Strategic issue of destination planning, management and Innovation

Question 1

Destination the alps. development

Answer 1

Beginning prior 1840s

Growth 1840-80s (planning transport infrastructure

Organization 1870-1900 (foundation of alpine clubs, ski clubs, Local tou association)

Specialization 1900-30s (specialization of supplier along the values chain)

Managing the mass from 1930s (rising demand, crowding)

Question 2

Tourism Areas Live Cycle

what is

Answer 2

hypothetical model of destination or resort development

cycle of evolution, similar to PLC

number of sales PLC number of visitors TALC

other dimension possible (stays, spending)

after post-stagnation: rejuvenation, stagnation or decline

Question 3

TALC phases

Answer 3

Exploration:

Involvement:

Development:

Consolidation

Stagnation

Post-stagnation

Question 4

TALC phases: post stagnation

Answer 4

Post-stagnation: 3 options:

• Rejuvenation: new market, innovation in products and services
• stagnation (stabilization), slight decline
• moderate or strong decline –> shrinking markets, cost and process optimization and or exit strategies (e.g. selling)

Question 5

TALC phases, Exploration

Answer 5

few adventurous,

lack of access and public facilities,

visitors attracted by a natural physical or cultural feature,

focus of revenue

Question 6

TALC phases: involvement

Answer 6

limited interaction between local and guests,

developing industry leads to provision of basic services,

increasing specialization,

emerging markets and emerging sales,

size matter and cash flow positive

Question 7

TALC phases: development

Answer 7

development of additional tourist facilities,

increased promotional efforts, first resorts and chains,

number of tourism at peak periods > residents.

size matters

Question 8

TALC phases: consolidation

Answer 8

Tourism now major part of the local economy,

growth rate begin to level off,

effort to extend the tourist season,

high competition

Question 9

TALC phases: stagnation

Answer 9

capacity is reached,

well-established image but not longer in fashion,

number of beds is declining,

property turnover rates are high,

efforts to high-quality tourism, massing innovations

Question 10

Pasta project

Answer 10

try to count the parahotellerie

rule 1 nigh in hotel = 1 nigh in parah.

Question 11

Phase most alpine destination

Answer 11

stagnating

CH e.g. Arosa: peak in 93 –> now less overnights stays

Question 12

System of a tourism destination

stakeholder of a destination

Answer 12

society: Domestics, environment, politics, commerce industry, farming / forestry

tou service provider: Attraction, other suppliers, sport culture entertainment

in the middle: transport, hotel / gastronomy, NTO / DMO

DMO has many interaction with tou stakeholder but also not touristic.

Question 13

types of tourist

Answer 13

Drifters: adventures avoids other tourists and make no used of tourist services. long term stay. immerse in the local society.

Explorers: independent, immerse themselves locally, backpackers.

Individual mass tourists: uses tourism services, limited contact with local population, traveling individually but stay on beaten tracks.

Organized mass tourists: dependent on tourist industry, fully organized. no limited contacts with local population, own environmental bubble

Question 14

TALC: driving forces (phases)

Answer 14

Exploration: Government policies, entrepreneurial vision and strategic planning, WOM advertising

Involvement: accessibility, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship

Development: carrying capacity, capital markets, regulations

Consolidation: shifting consumer preferences and chancing social trends

Stagnation: competition (other destination), financial and commercial depreciation of destination.

Post - stagnation:

Decline: market losses, poor image, missing concept.

Rejuvenating: entrepreneurship, new strategies, innovation and investment.

Question 15

TALC driving forces in the whole cyclus

Answer 15

Resources: capita, labor, land.

Demand: market size, trends, customer segments

product: single product, multiple products, USP

Government and regional policy: regulation or liberalization, transfer and aid payments, subsidies,

Resident attitudes

Industry structure and culture: volume of accommodation, local or international ownership, SME vs chains and global players, cooperation or rivalry among enterprises.

Physical, virtual and emotional accessibility of destination

competition and development of other destination

Externals: weather, world economy

Question 16

TALC: problem and limitation

Answer 16

units of analysis (arrivals, stays, capacity, spending)

difficulty of obtaining long runs or visitors data

shape and timeline of the TALC

identifying patterns and stage of the TALC

competition and development of other destiantions