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Biology block 4 > 1 stem cell > Flashcards

1 stem cell Flashcards

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1
Q

stem cells different from other cells in the body in 3 ways?

A

they can divide and renew themselves over a long time

they are unspecialized so they cannot do specific function in the body
they have the potential to become specialized cells such as muscle ;blood ;brain cells

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2
Q

studying stem cells may help explain how serious conditions such as?

A

birth defects
and cancer come about

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3
Q

stem cells may one day help in many diseases ?

A

parkinsons di
alzheimer di
spinal cord injury
heart di
diabetes
arthritis

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of stem cells?

A

embryonic stem cell
adult stem cell

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5
Q

stem cells based on differentiation potential?

A

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
oligopotent
unipotent

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6
Q

stem cells based on origin?

A

embryo
fetal
perinatal
adult
ips

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7
Q

what is the highest potential in stem cell?

A

totipotent stem cell possess
and they can generate all cell tupes in the body

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8
Q

which stem cells are slightly more specialized and can differentiate into cells from the three germ layers ectoderm endoderm mesoderm

A

pluripotent stem cells

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9
Q

pluripotent stem cells are present ?

A

in embryos during the blatocyst stage and certain adult tissue

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10
Q

which stem cells have more limited potential ?

A

multipotent stem cells

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11
Q

mysenchymal stem cells are example of which type of stem cell
and they are capable of differentiating into a range of cell types

A

multipotent
osteoblasts
chondrocytes
myocytes
adipocytes

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12
Q

which one is the most restricted?

A

unipotent

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13
Q

which cell is reprogramed and share similar characteristec with pluripotent?

A

induced pluripotent stem cells into various cell types in the body

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14
Q

The first embryonic cells that arise from the division of the zygote are the ultimate stem cells; these stems cells are described؟?

A

totipotentbecause they have the potential to differentiate into any of the cells needed to enable an organism to grow and develop

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15
Q

The embryonic cells that develop from totipotent stem cells and are precursors to the fundamental tissue layers of the embryo are classified as ?

A

pluripotent they cannot support the full development of an organism

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16
Q

red and white blood cells multipotent

A

lineage

17
Q

specialized and can only reproduce to generate more of its own specific cell type?

A

unipotent

18
Q

The process of hematopoiesis
involves?

A

the differentiation of multipotent

19
Q

The multipotent
hematopoietic stem cells give rise
to many different cell types,
including?

A

the cells of the immune
system and red blood cells.

20
Q

STEMCELLSPotentialTherapiesusingStemCells

A

adult stem cell therapies
embryonic ste cell therapies
induced pluripotent stem cell therapies

21
Q

there is potential in reprogramming ASCs to cause them to transdifferetiate :

A

turn back into different cell type than the resident tissue it was replenishing

22
Q

embryonic stem cell therapies ?

A

include diabetes, spinal cord injury, muscular
dystrophy, heart disease, and vision/hearing loss.

23
Q

human adult stem cell were used in the first successful bone marrow transplant

A

in 1968

24
Q

What are Embryonic Stem Cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells are specialized cells derived from 3-to-5-day-old human embryos that are obtained through in-vitro fertilization in a laboratory setting

25
Q

What are Embryonic Stem Cell Injections?

A

Embryonic stem cell injections are a form of regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem cells can be injected, implanted, or transplanted into a person to repair dysfunctional, diseased, or injured tissue. The cells can be manipulated to develop into distinct types of cells, such as
blood cells, nerve cells, or heart muscle cells. For example, if an individual is suffering from a defective heart muscle, embryonic stem cells can be injected into the defective heart muscle to help in repairing it.

26
Q

Why are Embryonic Stem Cells Known as Specialized Cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells can change into any type of cell in the body. Under favorable conditions, embryonic stem cells can divide to form specialized cell types with a distinct function, such as heart muscle cells, brain cells, blood cells, or bone cells. No other cells in the human body
have the natural ability to produce new cell types as embryonic stem cells

27
Q

How do Embryonic Stem Cell Injections Help Treat Diseases?During an embryonic stem cell injection procedure, stem cells are first developed into specific adult cell types. These matured cells are then used to restore tissue that is damaged due to injury or disease. This type of stem cell injection treatment could be
utilized to:

A

•Produce insulin to treat patients with diabetes
•Produce healthy heart muscle cells after a heart attack
•Replace neurons damaged by Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, or stroke
•Treat bone-joint injuries, ligament-tendon injuries, osteoarthritis, cartilage defects
•Restore damaged organs or tissues

28
Q

Why is There Such an Interest in Embryonic Stem Cell Injections and Therapy?

A

There is a great deal of interest in embryonic stem cell injections and stem cell therapy research as they facilitate in understanding:
•How diseases occur by observing how stem cells develop into distinct cells in heart muscle, bones, and other organs
•Safety and effectiveness of new drugs by testing on stem cells before using them on people.
•Generation of healthy cells to replace unhealthy cells by guiding stem cells to become specific cells to repair and regenerate unhealthy or damaged tissues

29
Q

What are the Advantages of Embryonic Stem Cells Over Adult Stem Cells?

A

Some of the advantages of embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells include:
•They contain 10 times more stem cells than adult stem cells from bone marrow.
•They rarely contain any infectious diseases and are less likely to be rejected than adult stem cells.
•They are free from any abnormalities whereas adult stem cells are likely to contain irregularities due to environmental risk factors such as toxins and errors acquired by the cells through replication.
•They have a natural ability to produce new cell types but adult stem cells cannot be manipulated to generate distinct cell types.
•The versatility of embryonic stem cells facilitates in regenerating and repairing diseased organs and tissue

30
Q

S cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from
a somatic cell. The iPSC technology was pioneered by?

A

shinya yamanaka and kazutoshi takahashi in kyoto japan

31
Q

the spicfic genes of japanies

A

myc
ost3/4
sox2
klf4

32
Q

patient can use somatic cell nucler transfer

A

///

33
Q

tissue scaffolding

A

biopsy
cell isolation
cell cultivation
cell proliferation
scaffold
tissue development
implanation

Biology block 4 (5 decks)

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