1. Skin diseases of cattle

Question 1

What are the two types of congenital alopecia mentioned, and which cattle breeds are associated with each?

Answer 1

Hypotrichosis congenita generalisata (Holstein Friesian) and Hypotrichosis congenita areata (Hereford).

Question 2

List three causes of acquired alopecia or hair loss in cattle.

Answer 2

B2 vitamin deficiency, Zn deficiency, cachexia, severe chronic
diseases.

Question 3

What are some partial signs of acquired skin diseases in cattle, and provide
examples of dermatological signs associated with them?

Answer 3

Partial signs include scabies, trichophytiasis, and louse infection. Dermatological signs may include lichenification, scaling, and pruritus.

Question 4

Name two causes of chronic weight loss and cachexia in sheep leading to wool loss.

Answer 4

Pseudotuberculosis and endo/ectoparasites.

Question 5

What is the recommended treatment for scabies in sheep, and what
additional symptoms may be present?

Answer 5

Treatment includes vaccination, and additional symptoms may include lichenification, scaling, and pruritus.

Question 6

Name two plants containing photosensitizing substances causing primary photosensitization in cattle.

Answer 6

Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) - hypericin and Fagopyrum esculentum.

Question 7

What are the clinical symptoms of photodermatitis in cattle and sheep?

Answer 7

Hyperpigmented areas in sunlight, edema, weeping, gangrene on
the head, extremities, udder.

Question 8

List three causes of allergic dermatitis in ruminants and provide a recommended treatment for it.

Answer 8

Causes include potatopoisoning, topical application of irritants (diazoline), and dirty straw. Treatment involves a change of feeding, local treatment, antihistamines, and dry, clean straw.

Question 9

What are the clinical signs and differential diagnosis for foot and mouth disease in cattle?

Answer 9

Clinical signs include vesicles, erosions, scales, detached hooves. Differential diagnosis includes traumatic, allergic dermatitis, laminitis, and mycotoxicosis (mouth).

Question 10

Which virus causes malignant catarrhal fever, and what are its clinical signs?

Answer 10

Herpesvirus. Clinical signs include necrosis, ulcers on the head, udder, scrotum, thigh, peripheral keratitis, and vulva.