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Microbiology for Dentists > 1. Scope of Microbial Life > Flashcards

1. Scope of Microbial Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define ‘microbiology’

A

the study of microscopic organisms e.g bacteria, fungi, archaea

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2
Q

Define ‘microorganism’

A

a microscopic organism

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3
Q

Microorganisms are measured in…

A

micrometres

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4
Q

Fungi are … to … micrometres

A

10-50

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5
Q

Protozoa are … to … micrometres

A

10-100

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6
Q

Viruses are … to … nanometres

A

50-200

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7
Q

Rank bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses from largest to smallest

A

fungi, protozoa, bacteria, viruses

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8
Q

3 subheadings of the tree of life

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
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9
Q

List classifications of tree of life

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylus
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
  • strain
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10
Q

Protozoa and fungi are in which top taxonomic level?

A

eukarya

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11
Q

Microorganisms can be unicellular, multicellular or acellular. Define all 3

A
  • single cell organism e.g bacteria, archaea, protozoa
  • organism made of two or more cells e.g fungi
  • not cells at all so not truly living e.g viruses and prions
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12
Q

How do microbial processes impact the environment?

A
  • creation of the Earth’s atmosphere
  • nitrogen cycling
  • decomposition
  • metal ore recovery
  • sewage digestion
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13
Q

How do microbial processes link to disease?

A

can cause disease in man, animals and bacteria

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14
Q

How do microbial processes link to biotechnology?

A
  • antibiotics
  • therapeutics
  • genetic engineering
  • human gene therapy
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15
Q

What microbe is involved in bread?

A

saccharomyces cerevisiae

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16
Q

What microbe is involved in cheese?

A

lactic acid bacteria

17
Q

What microbe is in Quorn?

A

fusarium venenatum

18
Q

Define ‘commensalism’

A
  • a close permanent relationship between two species of organisms
  • in which one benefits and other remains unharmed and unaffected
19
Q

Who discovered dental plaque?

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

20
Q

How many bacteria in human body?

A

2kg

21
Q

Archaea were thought to be bacteria but diverged … years ago. They share features with … such as …

A
  • 2.5 billion
  • eukaryotes
  • DNA replication initiated at multiple origins
22
Q

Protozoa are single celled … found in … environments e.g …
They graze on …
Some examples of protozoa are …

A
  • eukaryotes
  • aquatic
  • dental unit waterlines
  • bacteria
  • amoebae, plasmodium spp. (that causes malaria)
23
Q

Give 3 oral protozoas
Which is the most dangerous?

A
  • trichomonas tenax
  • entamoeba gingivalis
  • leishmania (only serious disease causing one in the oral env)
24
Q

Fungi are … eukaryotes
Some form … structures e.g mushrooms or …
A transition between … and …

A
  • simple
  • multicellular
  • pin moulds
  • yeast and hyphal forms
25
Q

Fungi have non/membrane bound organelles
Mitochondria?
Slow/fast growing?

A
  • membrane bound
  • mitochondria
  • slow
26
Q

Cell wall structure in fungi?

A

contains chitin - diff to most eukaryotes

27
Q

A virus is in/capable of independent replication?
It is a … … parasite
A … acid in a … coat

A
  • incapable
  • obligate intracellular
  • nucleic, protein
28
Q

Viruses have a small/large genome
What range?

A

small
5-230 kb

29
Q

How do prions cause disease?

A
  • when a host-encoded alpha helical protein (PRPC)
  • is converted to a beta-pleated sheet form (PRPSc)
30
Q

… PRPSc trigger disease - further conversion of PRPC is …

A
  • exogenous
  • autocatalytic
31
Q

What is the main example of an issue prions cause?
What happens to a person with this?

A
  • transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
  • loss of voluntary and autonomic function
  • degeneration and death
32
Q

What’s so dangerous about prions?

A
  • PRPSc is extremely resistant to heat (inc. autoclaving) and proteases
  • very difficult to kill so extreme care required to avoid iatrogenic transmission
33
Q

What is iatrogenic transmission?

A

between patients by medic/dentist

34
Q

How do microbial processes link to food/drink?

A
  • bread
  • cheese
  • beer/wine
  • vinegar
  • yoghurt

Microbiology for Dentists (37 decks)

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