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GB > 1. Principles of Nutrition > Flashcards

1. Principles of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Define nutrition

A

Process of digestion and absorption of foods

Body’s use of it for growth and replacement of cells

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2
Q

Name 4 types of malnutrition

A

Micronutrient malnutrition
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Over-nutrition
Secondary malnutrition

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3
Q

What is micronutrient malnutrition?

A

Dietary deficiency of vitamins A,B,C,D or minerals

Hypervitaminosis

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4
Q

What is PEM?

A

Protein Energy Malnutrition

Under consumption of calories or protein

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5
Q

What is the name for extreme protein deficiency?

A

Kwashiorkor

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6
Q

What is the name for extreme calorie deficiency?

A

Marasmus

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7
Q

What can over-nutrition lead to?

A

Obesity
Diabetes
Hypertension
CV disease

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8
Q

What is secondary malnutrition?

A

A separate condition prevents proper digestion or absorption

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9
Q

What can cause secondary malnutrition?

A

Loss of appetite
Fever/infection
Prevention of nutrient absorption (diarrhoea)
Parasites

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10
Q

What is adequacy?

A

Getting enough of all essential nutrients

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11
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Amount of energy in food available through digestion

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12
Q

How many kilojoules are in 1 kcal?

A

4.2kJ

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13
Q

What is BMR?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

Amount of energy consumed at rest, awake, thermo-neutral environment, 12 hours after last meal

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14
Q

What is the approximation for BMR?

A

24kcal per kg of body weight

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15
Q

Who has high BMR?

A

Males
Children
Fever
Hyperthyroidism

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16
Q

Who has a lower BMR?

A

Females
Hypothyroidism
Starvation
Old age

17
Q

What is Diet-Induced Thermogenesis?

A

Amount of energy expenditure above the basal metabolic rate

due to the cost of processing food for use and storage

18
Q

How do you calculate the daily energy expenditure?

A

BMR+ physical activity + DIT

19
Q

What are DRIs?

A

Dietary Reference Intakes
Reference values for nutrient intakes
Used in assessing and planning diets for healthy people

20
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

Estimated Average Requirement

21
Q

What does RDA stand for?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

22
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

Adequate Intakes

23
Q

What does UL stand for?

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

24
Q

What is TPN?

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Feeding a person intravenously

GB (15 decks)

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