1. Principles of Nutrition Flashcards
Define nutrition
Process of digestion and absorption of foods
Body’s use of it for growth and replacement of cells
Name 4 types of malnutrition
Micronutrient malnutrition
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Over-nutrition
Secondary malnutrition
What is micronutrient malnutrition?
Dietary deficiency of vitamins A,B,C,D or minerals
Hypervitaminosis
What is PEM?
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Under consumption of calories or protein
What is the name for extreme protein deficiency?
Kwashiorkor
What is the name for extreme calorie deficiency?
Marasmus
What can over-nutrition lead to?
Obesity
Diabetes
Hypertension
CV disease
What is secondary malnutrition?
A separate condition prevents proper digestion or absorption
What can cause secondary malnutrition?
Loss of appetite
Fever/infection
Prevention of nutrient absorption (diarrhoea)
Parasites
What is adequacy?
Getting enough of all essential nutrients
What is a calorie?
Amount of energy in food available through digestion
How many kilojoules are in 1 kcal?
4.2kJ
What is BMR?
Basal Metabolic Rate
Amount of energy consumed at rest, awake, thermo-neutral environment, 12 hours after last meal
What is the approximation for BMR?
24kcal per kg of body weight
Who has high BMR?
Males
Children
Fever
Hyperthyroidism
Who has a lower BMR?
Females
Hypothyroidism
Starvation
Old age
What is Diet-Induced Thermogenesis?
Amount of energy expenditure above the basal metabolic rate
due to the cost of processing food for use and storage
How do you calculate the daily energy expenditure?
BMR+ physical activity + DIT
What are DRIs?
Dietary Reference Intakes
Reference values for nutrient intakes
Used in assessing and planning diets for healthy people
What does EAR stand for?
Estimated Average Requirement
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended Dietary Allowance
What does AI stand for?
Adequate Intakes
What does UL stand for?
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
What is TPN?
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Feeding a person intravenously
