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Principles Embryology > 1: Principles of embryology > Flashcards

1: Principles of embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When is the embryonic period of development?

A

First 8 weeks

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2
Q

How long, on average, is the gestation period of an embryo?

A

9/10 months

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3
Q

When is a fertilised egg refered to as a conceptus?

A

From FERTILISATION to the end of WEEK 3

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4
Q

During which weeks is a developing human called an embryo?

A

Week 4 to Week 8

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5
Q

From which point onwards is a developing human called a foetus?

A

Week 9

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6
Q

What is embryogenesis?

A

Formation and development of an embryo

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7
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation of oocytes (egg cells)

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8
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Formation of spermatozoa (sperm cells)

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9
Q

What happens during fertilisation?

A

The sperm and oocyte fuse to form a zygote

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10
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Single-celled embryo

formed during fertilisation.

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11
Q

What happens during cleavage?

A

Rapid increase in cell number

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12
Q

Does the overall size of the embryo increase during cleavage?

A

No

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13
Q

Gastrulation involves the formation of the ___ ___.

A

germ layers

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14
Q

What are the three germ layers formed during gastrulation?

Where are they relative to one another?

A

Ectoderm - outer layer

Mesoderm - middle layer

Endoderm - inner layer

ENDODERM is iNside

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15
Q

What happens after gastrulation in embryogenesis?

A

Embryonic folding

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16
Q

An embryo can be described as a tube within a tube. Which tube is found within the embryo and folds after gastrulation?

A

Gut tube

17
Q

What occurs after embryogenesis?

A

Organogenesis

formation of organs and organ systems.

18
Q

Which period starts at the end of the embryonic period?

A

Foetal period

19
Q

What happens to the foetus’ weight during the foetal period?

A

Weight increases

20
Q

What is the embryological equivalent of superior?

A

Cranial

21
Q

What is the embryological equivalent of inferior?

A

Caudal

22
Q

What is the embryological equivalent of anterior?

A

Ventral

23
Q

What is the embryological equivalent of posterior?

A

Dorsal

24
Q

What developmental process involves an increase in cell number?

A

Mitosis

25
Q

What developmental process involves a cell gaining a new structure to suit its function?

A

Differentiation

26
Q

Which developmental process involves programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

27
Q

Which developmental process involves cells ordering other cells to differentiate?

A

Induction

28
Q

During development, cells ___ from one area to another.

A

migrate

29
Q

Development is controlled by ___ and the environment.

A

genetics

Principles Embryology (3 decks)

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