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Chemistry > 1-Periodic Table and Atomic Structure > Flashcards

1-Periodic Table and Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic Orbital

A

region in space around a nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron

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2
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

average mass of atoms of element comared to 1/12 mass of carbon-12 isotope

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3
Q

First Ionisation Energy n

A

minimum energy to remove most loosly-bound electrons from an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state

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4
Q

Oxidation

A

loss of electrons or increase oin oxidation number

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5
Q

Isostopes

A

atoms with same atomic number but different mass numbers

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6
Q

(Atomic) Energy Number

A

fixed amount of energy of an electron in an atom

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7
Q

Radioactivity

A

spontaneous breaking up of a nucleus to release alpha, beta or gamma radiation

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8
Q

Atomic Radius

A

half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms joined by a single covalent bond

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9
Q

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

A

it is not possible to measure the exact position and momentum of electron in atom simultaneously

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10
Q

Alpha Particle

A

helium nucleus or particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

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11
Q

Principle of Mass Spectrometry

A

positively charged ions are seperated by mass when moving in a magnetic field

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12
Q

Ground State

A

in lowest energy state or in n=1 level

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13
Q

Excited State

A

higher energy atate or in n>1 level

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14
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in nucleus of an atom

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15
Q

Radioisotope

A

radioactive isotope or isotope with unstable nucleus

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16
Q

(Energy) Sub-Level

A

sub-division of a main energy level consisting of one or more oribtals of the same energy

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17
Q

Mass Number

A

number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atoms of an isotope

18
Q

Half Life

A

time taken for half of the nuclei in a sample of decay ot time taken for activity to reduce by half

19
Q

Oxidation Number

A

charge on atom if electrons distributed by rules

20
Q

Second Ionisation Energy

A

electron removed from monopositive ion

21
Q

Reduction

A

gain of electrons or decrease on oxidation number

22
Q

Cathode Rays

A

streams of negatively charged electrons which travel from the cathode to anode, are deflected by magnetic and electric fields, and have sufficient energy to moce a small objectm eg a paddle wheel

23
Q

(Bohr) Orbit

A

2-D pathway at fixed distance from nucleus where electron is definetely located

24
Q

Element

A

an element cannot be broken down into anything simpler

25
Q

Mendeleev’s Periodic Law/ Sysytem

A

when elements are listed according to relative atomic mass, their chemical properties repeat periodically

26
Q

Modern Periodic Law/ System

A

when elements are listed according to atomic number, their chemical properties repeat periodically

27
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels

28
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A

all matter is made of indivisible small particles called atoms

29
Q

Empirical Formula

A

shows simplest whole number ratioof the different atoms in a molecule

30
Q

Molecular Formula

A

shows the number and type of each atom in a moleule of a compound

31
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

when two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons occupy them singly before filling them in pairs

32
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter/ Mass

A

during chemical reaction matter is neither created or destroyed

33
Q

Newland’s Octaves

A

arrangement of elements in which the first and the eighth have similar properties

34
Q

Nuclear Reaction

A

process that alters the composition, structure, or energy of a nucleus

35
Q

Pauli Exclusion Princliple

A

no more than two electrons may occupy an orbital and they must have opposite spin

36
Q

(Radio)Carbon Dating

A

dates an object containing carbon based on C-14 to C-12 ratio

37
Q

Triad

A

group of 3 elements woth similar chemicla properties where the atomic weight of the middle one is approx. equal to the everage of the other two

38
Q

Oxidising Agent

A

substance that brings about oxidation in other substances (is reduced)

39
Q

Reducing Agent

A

substance that brings about reduction in other substances (is oxidised)

40
Q

Electrolysis

A

use of electricity to bring about chemical reaction in an electrolyte

41
Q

Electrolyte

A

compound which condicts electricity when molten or dissolvedd in water

Chemistry (14 decks)

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