[1] Overview of Nephrology Flashcards
What % of cardiac output does the kidney receive?
25%
A patient has 50,000 nephrons left, is it still compatible with life?
Yes
Functional Unit of the Kidney
Nephron
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Components of the Renal Tubule
Proximal Tubule
Intermediate Tubule
Distal Tubule
Collecting Ducts
What endocrine products are the kidneys responsible for?
Renin
Erythropoietin
Vitamin D
Prostaglandins
What can help differentiate chronic kidney disease from an acute renal injury?
(1) Loss of endocrine functions, specifically erythropoietin. Patients with ESRD present with anemia more commonly as compared to acute injuries
(2) Renal osteodystrophy as caused by an improper regulation of the magnesium phosphate system
[Urine Volume]
Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria
A: 3000mL/day
Proteinuria is defined as excreting how much protein per day?
> 150mg/day
Why do patients with ESRD have metabolic acidosis? How do these patients present?
Decreased NH3 production
They present with Kussmaul’s Respiration
Why do patients with ESRD have hyperkalemia?
Decreased GFR, kidney’s are the most important regulator of potassium excretion
Traits of Fanconi’s Syndrome
Glucosuria Phosphaturia Amino Aciduria Uricosuria Tubular Proteinuria
[Diagnose]
Patient presents with nephronal hematuria + azotemia (decreased GFR) with well-preserved tubule function
Acute Nephritis
[Diagnose]
> 3.5gm proteinuria/1.73m^2/24 hour
Mainly albumin, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia
Nephrotic Syndrome (may be primary or secondary from diabetes, SLE, HBV)
[Diagnose]
Documented recent azotemia (decline in GFR) worsening in days or weeks +/- oliguria/anuria
Acute Kidney Injury
