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NM PT > (1) Motor Control/Motor Learning > Flashcards

(1) Motor Control/Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

“ability to regulate or direct the mechanism essential to mvmt”

A

motor control

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2
Q

“process of initiating, directing and grading purposeful voluntary mvmt”

A

motor control

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3
Q

Movement occurs as a result of interaction b/w what 3 factors

A

task, environment and individual

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4
Q

what 4 questions should you consider when assessing motor control in an examination

A
  1. how does CNS organize all parts
  2. what is the impact of sensory info
  3. how do perceptions of self, tasks and environment impact mvmt behavior
  4. how can mvmt problems be quantified when motor control problems exist
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5
Q

what does the ecological theory of mvmt control say?

A

person, task and environment interact to influence motor behavior and learning

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6
Q

what does the ecological theory say about motivation

A

motivation to solve problems to accomplish desired task goal facilitates learning

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7
Q

what are 3 implications of the ecological theory

A
  • help pt explore multiple ways to achieve task
  • learn critical aspects of environment that impact how mvmt is organized
  • control and manipulation of environment are imp components of PT
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8
Q

what 3 aspects impact the individual in the mvmt framework?

A
  • perception
  • action
  • cognition
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9
Q

what 3 things impact the task in the mvmt framework

A
  • mobility
  • stability
  • manipulation
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10
Q

what 2 constraints impact the environment in the mvmt system

A

regulatory and non-regulatory factors

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11
Q

what individual constraint refers to the state of the body and where it is in space or its ability to take in info

A

sensory/perception

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12
Q

what individual constraint refers to attention, emotional state, motivation, ability to plan or problem solve

A

cognition

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13
Q

what is a structural vs a functional individual constraint

A

structural - relates to the body (height, weight, impairments)

functional - motivation, fear, attention, focus, etc

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14
Q

what is an open vs closed task constraint

A

open - task performed in a variety of conditions
closed - under same circumstances each time

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of tasks

A

discrete, serial, continuous

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16
Q

what type of task has - recognizable beginning and end

A

discrete

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17
Q

the following are examples of what type of task?
- pushup, lock wheelchair, kick ball once

A

discrete

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18
Q

what type of task is composed of mvmts and combined in a particular sequence

A

serial

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19
Q

the following is an example of what type of task
- eating with a fork

A

serial

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20
Q

what type of task is repetitive, uninterrupted mvmts with no distinct beginning or end

A

continuous

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21
Q

what type of task: brushing your teeth

A

serial

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22
Q

what type of task: throwing a ball, starting a car,

A

discrete

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23
Q

what type of task: rollerblading, playing piano, dribbling basketball

A

continuous

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24
Q

what is the difference b/w regulatory and non-regulatory environmental constraints

A

reg - aspects that shape the task itself

non - may affect performance but task does not have to conform to it

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25
Q

what type of environmental constraint is this:
- size, shape, weight of object,
- type of surface

A

regulatory

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26
Q

what type of environemtal constraint:
- dim, noisy, busy, hot/cold room

A

non-regulatory

27
Q

is this a closed or open environmental condition?
- self-paced
- performer develops consistency of single strategy

A

closed

28
Q

is this closed or open environmental condition?
- externally paced
- performer develops multiple strategies

A

open

29
Q

what provides a framework for selecting progression of functionally or developmentally appropriate activities to develop any motor skill

A

gentiles taxonomy

30
Q

“set of processes associate with practice leading to permanent change in capacity for skilled action”

A

motor learning

31
Q

can motor learning be observed directly?

A

no, it has to be inferred from behavior (performance)

32
Q

when do we measure performance vs learning?

A

performance - immediately after
learning - after period of retention

33
Q

what 4 ways do we measure learning

A

improvement, consistency, retention, transfer

34
Q

“measuring skill, increase in accuracy, decrease in errors”

A

improvement

35
Q

able to readily produce result

A

consistency

36
Q

completion of skill following delay in practice

A

retention

37
Q

ability to perform similar mvmt within diff context

A

transfer

38
Q

what 4 factors affect motor learning

A

arousal, attention, motivation, memory

39
Q

how does arousal affect motor learning

A

too much = stress/anxiety
not enough = inactive/ too laid back

40
Q

allocation and focusing of info processing resources

A

attention

41
Q

what type of attention is better for learning

A

selective instead of divided

42
Q

what type of focus (internal or external) is better for learning

A

external

43
Q

selection of appropriate reinforcement is critical to effective ______

A

motivation

44
Q

when should motivation be given

A

immediately after behavior occurs

45
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning according to Fitts and Posner

A

cognitive, associative, autonomous

46
Q

what type of learning occurs during the cognitive stage

A

declarative/explicit learning

47
Q

the following are implications of what stage of learning:
- high requirements for pt attention
- distractions from environment adds challenge
- error in performance common
- frequent FB from therapist
- self-evaluation

A

cognitive stage

48
Q

what is mostly happening in the associateive stage

A

learning about cause and effect

49
Q

the following are implications of what stage of learning:
- infrequent errors
- concentrates on fine tuning motor task
- inter-trial variability
- pt uses problem solving to self correct
- infrequent FB from therapist

A

associative stage

50
Q

which phase of learning is the procedural learning phase

A

autonomous

51
Q

what type of learning occurs in the autonomous stage

A

implicit

52
Q

what stage of learning does learning occur w/o attention of conscious thought and requires high repetition of task and develops slowly

A

autonomous

53
Q

the following are implications of what phase of learning:
- measured by improved performance over time
- able to multitask
- pt easily adapts to variations in task demands and environmyt conditions
- little to no instruction

A

autonomous

54
Q

what is the challenge point hypotheis

A

must select practice conditions that present optimal level of challenge to learner eliciting active cognitive processes, but not exceeding capability of learner

55
Q

what 3 factors of practice impact motor learning

A

amount, type and frequency

56
Q

what is massed vs distributed practice

A

massed = smaller rest breaks, large bouts of repetition

distributed = longer rest b/w sessions - better learning

57
Q

which is better for learning: constant vs variable practice

A

variable

58
Q

which is better for learning?
- blocked or random practice

A

random = learning
blocked = performance

59
Q

instructions before practice are _____ and should include what 2 things

A
  • motivational
  1. description of task
  2. relavent environmental elements
60
Q

what are the 3 diff times you can give feedback

A

concurrent, immediate, summary

61
Q

what type of feedback is given at same time task is performed and during initial stages of learingn

A

concurrent

62
Q

what type of feedback is given after each attempt, during initial stages of learning and puts an emphasis on performance vs learning

A

immediate

63
Q

what type of feedback is given after several attempts, used as progression, and puts and emphasis on learning and retention

A

summary

NM PT (16 decks)

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