(1) Labs Flashcards
ability to orient body in relation to line of gravity
verticality
ability to control body COM in relation to BOS under quasi-static and dynamic conditions
stability
mvmt happening in continual fashion w/o interruptions in velocity or trajectory
smoothness
specific order of motor output to achieve intended goal of the action
sequencing
overall temporal structure of mvmt - % of time devoted to mvmt segments
timing
closeness of measured value to standard /freedom from error
accuracy
what two mvmt analysis terms are part of postural control
verticality and stability
what 4 mvmt analysis terms are part of coordination
smoothness, sequencing, timing, accuracy
what are 4 mvmt analysis terms that are observable constructs
symmetry, speed, amplitude, alignment
perfect agreement of kinetics and kinematics of mvmt b/w L and R
symmetry
rate of change or velocity of segment or body from task start to finish
speed
extent or range of mvmt used to complete a task
amplitude
biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another as well as base of support and environment, in order to achieve task at hand
alignment
observation/pt report of symptom mvmt that evokes particular response
symptom provocation
what stage of the mvmt continuum is not observable and indirectly assess understanding of instructions or task requirements
preparation
what stage of mvmt continuum looks at environment and starting posture
initial condition
describe the phases of the mvmt continuum
initial condition –> preparation –> initiation –> execution –> termination –> outcome
what 3 mvmt analysis tasks will you look for during the initiation stage?
timing, direction and smoothness
what 4 mvmt analysis tasks will you look for during execution phase
amplitude, direction, speed, and smoothness
what 3 mvmt analysis tasks do you look for during termination phase
timing, stability and accuracy
why do we perform mvmt analysis early?
inform tests and measure selection
what are the 4 underlying principles for mvmt analysis?
- conduct in structured and environmentally controlled manner
- consistency in assessment procedures
- perform early to inform test and measure selection
- generate hypothesis abt contribution fators
what order should you provide assistance?
- verbal cue
- tactile cue
- physical assistance
what are the 6 core tasks? which ones are static and which ones are dynamic
static - sitting, standing
dynamic - STS, walking, step up/down, reach/grasp/manipulate
what are 3 types of balance/postural control
- postural stability
- anticipatory (feed forward)
- reactive (feed back)
what are 3 underlying determinants of balance
- MSK system
- NMSK system
- cognitive/behavioral
what are the 3 main categories for balance dx
- deficit in steady state postural control
- deficit in anticipatory postural control
- deficit in reactive postural control
what 4 categories are within deficit in steady state postural control
- postural mvmt strategies
- sensory processing
- balance confidence
- verticality
what 4 deficit categories can be present within anticipatory postual control
- postural mvmt strategies
- sensory processing
- balance confidence
- executive function/multitask ability
what 2 deficits can be present in reactive postural control
- postural mvmt strategies
sensorry processing
pts with postural mvmt strategy deficits will have impairments in what 4 things
- m performance
- impaired ability to isolate body segment
- tone
- coordination
what 3 things are needed for STS
torque, stability, and ability to modify mvmts according to environment
how many phases of STS are there
4
what is phase one of STS
weight shift or flexion momentum (initiation phase)
what is phase 2 of STS
transition phase where you are getting forward/horizontal momentum –> vertical momentum
- butt off chair, COM comes off surface of stability and needs to get over BOS
what is stage 3 of STS
lift or extension phase
- goal = body upright
what is stage 4 STS
stabilization phase - termination
what is a momentum transfer strategy?
when you dont have enough force/strength to create a lift
what is the problem with momentum transfer strategies
requirements for stability increase
you see a pt rocking themselves forward and backward before standing up, what strategy are they using?
momentum transfer strategy
what is the zero momentum strategy
when the pt is so unstable that they are unable to use momentum to get up - move slowly and requires a lot of forward flexion
an increase in stability when using the zero momentum strategy means that there will also be an increase in …?
strength requirements - may be difficult for pts with force production deficit
Modified Ashworth scale of what indicates FMD
3 or 4
the Motorneuron Response Assessment examines what?
hyperexcitability
what does hyperexcitability mean
term used to describe both tone and spasticity
persistent m activity at rest
rigidity
measure that reflects the pt’s ability to move one joint w/o moving other joints
fractionated mvmt
what are the 6 general guidelines for assessing fractionated mvmt
- sitting with back supported
- check PROM 1st
- instruction to perform isolated mvmts can be verbal or visual
- note category mvmt corresponds
- record additional info that may help interpret results
- perform all tests on involved extremities
how many components are in the UE fractionated mvmt exam?
what are they
- shoulder
- elbow
- wrist
- fingers
- index finger
for the shoulder fractionated mvmt exam - the mvmt is fractioned when…?
pt can move thru at least 50% ROM w/o substitution or associated reactions
for elbow fractionated mvmt exam - mvmt is fractionated if …?
pt moves elbow thru at least 50% ROM
what position should the forearm be in when checking FM of the elbow
neutral supination/pronation
for wrist FM exam - the mvmt is fractionated if the pt can …?
flex/extend wrist thru 100% ROM
for the fingers and index finger FM exam - mvmt is fractionated if the pt can …
fully flex and extend thru 100% ROM
index finger must be done with other fingers flexed
how many sections are there for the LE fractionated mvmt exam?
what are they?
- hip
- knee
- ankle
for hip fractionated mvmt exam - mvmt is fractionated when …
pt can flex hip at least 50% ROM when seated in chair with back
for knee fractionated mvmt exam - mvmt is fractionated when…
pt can move knee thru at least 50% extension when seated
for ankle FM exam - mvmt is fractionated when…
pt can DF ankle 100% ROM
how do we grade fractionated mvmt?
- each joint rated separately
- complete task = “yes”
- if unable to complete mvmt b/c they have no mvmt, must mark on data sheet
reaction that may appear in the affected extremity as generalized muscular tension without joint mvmt or as varying degrees of joint mvmt
associated reaction
what are 2 reactive perturbation tests
resist and release test
lean and release test
what is the key you are looking for for a FMD
modified ashworth of 3 or 4
FMD is an inability to perform independent isolated mvmt due to …
spasticity or tone NOT m weakness
what is a key when looking at a pt with mvmt pattern coordination dx
with verbal or tactile cueing, they improve
- strength is usually good
what are some of the main issues that pts with mvmt pattern coordination deficit have?
issues with amplitude, speed, coordination within task
what is a key issue for pts with dysmetria
issues with termination of task
what is a good treatment option for pts with dysmetria?
weighted objects - utensils, vests, etc
what phase of gait do pts with hypokinesia have the most difficulty wiht?
initiation - but all phases really
why do we perform mvmt analysis with pts?
to help drive our treatment
the purpose of the bowline knot activity was to assess…
modeling vs verbal instructions
the purpose of the blinded beanbag toss was to assess…
feedback - KP or KR
the purpose of the bosu ball activity was to assess…
internal vs external focus of attention
the purpose of learning to tie a neck tie, fold a napkin and tie a shoelace with one hand was to assess…
blocked vs random practice
