1. Monosaccharides Flashcards
What are monosaccharide molecules made from?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What functional group are monosaccharides?
Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
What does polyhydroxy mean?
Poly means many, and hydroxy is an −OH group (like those found in alcohols).
Ketones and aldehydes are organic molecules that contain which group?
Carbonyl group (C=O).
Like water, monosaccharines contain twice as many what?
Hydrogens as oxygens.
Aldehyde monosaccharides are known as what?
Aldoses.
Ketone monosaccharides are known as what?
Ketoses, with the prefix keto-.
What is this?
This monosaccharide has six carbon atoms, and the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain, making it an aldehyde. Therefore, this is an aldohexose.
What is this?
The monosaccharide below has five carbon atoms, and the carbonyl group is on the second carbon. Therefore this monosaccharide is a ketone. This is a ketopentose.
As well as their ketone or aldehyde functional group, monosaccharides also have what groups?
Hydroxy groups.
Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water?
The hydroxy groups of monosaccharides are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water. Therefore, because of their many hydroxy groups, monosaccharides are highly soluble in water.
Because of these chiral carbons, monosaccharides will have what?
Optical isomers.
Cyclic monosaccharides are often drawn as what?
Hawthorn projections.
What is the most abundant monosaccharide?
Glucose.
What is produced by plants during photosynthesis?
Glucose.