1 Midterm (Phil and Theo approaches 3)

Question 1

what is under reason

Answer 1

ancient wester phil

darshana

Question 2

what is under faith

Answer 2

theology

revelational

Question 3

what is the process of ancient western phil

Answer 3

bottom up (start at bottom (nature as itself) and build your way up)
unaided reason
basic curiosity
reason as central

Question 4

what is the process of darshana

Answer 4

bottom up
orthopraxy (that is something you achieve, it isnt given to you)/reason
enlightenment
practice as central

Question 5

what is the process of theology (natural theology)

Answer 5

bottum up
unaided reason
instrumental curiosity
reason as clarifying (reason isnt central, it doesnt emancipate us in any way but it helps us clarify our senses)

Question 6

what is the process of theology (revelational theology)

Answer 6

top down
aided reason
obedience/authority
transformed reason

Question 7

what field developed after Kant

Answer 7

philosophy of religion

Question 8

what is “philosophy or religion” a sub discipline of

Answer 8

philosophy

Question 9

what kind of discipline does philosophy or religion far under

Answer 9

western discipline

Question 10

philosophy of religion is primarily what

Answer 10

theistic

Question 11

philosophy or religion managed themes that organized many issues philosophers and theologians wrestles with since medieval times up to and including Kant’s categorical refusal to confuse faith and reason… what are these categories

Answer 11

• religious belief and language
• religiousdiversity
• philosophical theology
• arguments for and against God’s existence
• problems of evil

Question 12

what is theology

Answer 12

the study of (existence in relation to) God

Question 13

what is Rodrigues and Harding’s definition of theology

Answer 13

Theology: “[I]ntellectual reflections on the nature of the divine; typically done within the framework of a religious tradition’s accepted beliefs.”

Question 14

what is David F. Ford’s definition of theology

Answer 14

“[T]heology is thinking and deliberating in relation to the religions with a view to wisdom.”

Question 15

before descartes, theology was known as what

Answer 15

theology was thought to crown knowledge, namely, as a pursuit of knowledge that forms or complements other types of knowledges. Theology provided knowledge of the meaning of the world and human experience as a whole—universal knowledge, hence a “science” (“Queen of the sciences”)

Question 16

what was theology seen as after descartes

Answer 16

After Descartes: theology was recognized as a discipline (parochial, to some) separate from the sciences articulating ideas and experiences specific to religious traditions

Question 17

what does David F. Ford say about theology

Answer 17

So a preliminary definition of academic theology …. is that it seeks wisdom in relation to questions, such as those of meaning, truth, beauty and practice, which are raised by, about and between the religions and are pursued through engagement with a range of academic disciplines.”

Question 18

Jewish “theology” is predominantly what

Answer 18

practice oriented and community specific focused on expositions of Jewish law and rabbinic traditions

Question 19

for what reasons do some settle on broader terms to describe it as “Jewish religious thought” rather than theology

Answer 19

It is a deeply reflective orientation that isn’t as concerned with the “abstractive, intellectualizing, and dogmatizing” concerns of Christians and Muslims (especially the former) with the inner life of God (see David Ford reading). For that reason, some settle on broader terms to describe it such as “Jewish religious thought” rather than theology

Question 20

who are the important figures of jewish religion thought

Answer 20

Important figures:
• Moses Maimonides (1125-1204)
• Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
• Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786)
• Martin Buber (1878-1965)
• Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972) • Jacob Neusner (1932-2016)

Question 21

Islam shares many of the components and interests of what

Answer 21

Christian theology

Question 22

Islam shares many of the components and interests of Christian theology and what does this mean when it comes to theological output

Answer 22

Islam shares many of the components and interests of Christian theology and so can be as involving when it comes to theological output

Question 23

A defining element in modern Islam concerns what

Answer 23

the application and relevance of Islamic law (Sharia) to modern communities

Question 24

Important figures of islamic law are

Answer 24

Al-Kindi (801-873)
• Al-Farabi (872-951)
• Ibn-Sina - often Latinized as Avicenna (930-1087)
• Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)
• Ibn-Rushd, often Latinized as Averroes (1126-1198) • Henry Corbin (1903-1978)
• Israr Ahmed (1932-2010)
• Hossein Nasr (1933- )

Question 25

We follow Rodrigues and Harding in referring to the what of religious and philosophical thought in Asian traditions

Answer 25

unity

Question 26

what is darshana

Answer 26

We follow Rodrigues and Harding in referring to the unity of religious and philosophical thought in Asian traditions as darshana

Question 27

what are Ford’s general characterization of theology

Answer 27

“Theology” is not the most accurate to describe these traditions’ “pursuit of wisdom” (Ford’s general characterization of theology) (in terms of the islamic thought)

Question 28

Principle components of contemporary Hindu and Buddhist darshana aim to integrate what

Answer 28

not only theoretical and doctrinal discussion and disputation, but also experience or realization of enlightenment and liberation (moksha, nirvana)

Question 29

Philosophical and theological approaches are what

Answer 29

prescriptive
emancipatory
speculative

Question 30

what is prescriptive:

Answer 30

they advocate a class of metaphysical and/or religious ideas forged by speculative reason and/or attained by faith—oftentimes aided by revealed truths

Question 31

what is emancipatory:

Answer 31

they provide means by which the human condition is not only addressed but also transformed

Question 32

what is speculative:

Answer 32

they are theoretical discourses with prescriptive and emancipatory aims

Question 33

according to Rodrigues & Harding what is Theology

Answer 33

“[I]ntellectual reflections on the • nature of the divine; typically done within
the framework of a religious tradition’s accepted beliefs.

Question 34

according to Rodrigues & Harding what is Rule

Answer 34

Religious studies scholars should avoid • determining what the norms/standards of a religion should be or what should be believed. Theologians go beyond these boundaries by actively shaping/defining/ defending a tradition

Question 35

according to Rodrigues & Harding what is Tendency

Answer 35

theology = religious education

Question 36

according to Rodrigues & Harding what could their definition be considered

Answer 36

narrow definition

Question 37

according to David ford what is Theology

Answer 37

“… is thinking and deliberating in relation to the religions with a view to wisdom.”

Question 38

according to David ford what is Rule

Answer 38

“… in a world where the religions, for better and for worse, shape the lives of billions of people, there is a strong case for universities encouraging theological questioning and dialogue as part of their intellectual life.”

Question 39

according to David ford what is Tendency

Answer 39

theology = open inquiry about beliefs and values touching on human existence

Question 40

according to David ford what is his definition ceonsidered

Answer 40

broad