[1] LEC: History & Overview Flashcards
Molecular biology finds its origin in the ___ and ___ (year)
1930s and 1940s
It is a result of convergence of distinct discipline from both the physical and biological sciences
Molecular biology
The physical and biological sciences that converged to form MolBio include (6)
biochemistry
genetics
microbiology
physics
structural and colloid chemistry
virology
MolBio picked up its momentum in the ___ and ___ (year) when it was institutionalized
1950s and 1960s
From the beginning, MolBio’s focus is on the ___ and ___ of the gene
structure
function
The term “molecular biology” was first used in ___ (year) by ___ (name), head of the Natural Science Division of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1931
1938
Warren Weaver
Weaver termed this as “beginning to uncover many secretes concerning the ultimate units of the living cell”
Molecular biology
Who discovered “nuclein” and in what year?
Friedrich Miescher
1869
Who elucidated the biochemical structure of DNA and in what year?
James D. Watson and Francis H. Crick
1953
The study of biomolecules and biomolecular mechanisms that occur in living organisms
Molecular biology
The study of molecular basis of life such as biochemical processes that control information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism
Biochemistry
Father of Modern Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Miescher’s discovery: a substance extracted from the cell through destroying it
Nuclein
In ___ (year), ___ (name) studied two strains of S. pneumoniae that varied dramatically in both their appearance and their virulence
1928
Frederick Griffith
According the Griffith’s discover, this is the virulence factor and the part of S. pneumoniae that causes the disease
Capsule
In ___ (year), ___, ___, and ___ used a process of elimination to identify the transforming principle
1944
Oswald Avery
Colin McLeod
Maclyn McCarty
Avery, McLeod, and McCarty reported that it is ___, rather than ___, that served as the carrier of the hereditary material
deoxyribonucleic acid
protein
In ___ (year), ___ and ___ (name) proved that DNA is the transforming principle and not protein using series of experiments involving T2 bacteriophages
1952
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Viruses that infect bacteria and widely used for studying genetic transmission
Bacteriophages
Structurally known to consist of a protein coat and DNA as its genetic material found in its interior
Phages
The X-ray crystallography image of the DNA structure which led to Watson and Crick’s double helix structure model was attributed to ___ and ___ (name)
Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling
Franklin and Gosling’s first image of the DNA was called the “___”
photo 51 of B-DNA
___ (name) showed Franklin and Gosling’s photo to Watson and Crick, which became the strong evidence of DNA’s double helix structure
Maurice Wilkins
Who discovered the order of the three major components of single nucleotide (phosphate-sugar-base)?
Pheobus Levene
