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MT6319 > [1] LEC: DNA Replication > Flashcards

[1] LEC: DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

DNA replication occurs in which phase of the cell cycle?

A

S phase

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2
Q

The single strand binding protein is important in which stage of DNA replication?

A

initiation

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3
Q

This enzyme is important because it destroys and creates bonds ahead of the replication fork to relieve the torsion and stress caused by the replication bubble

A

topoisomerase

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4
Q

The extension of a strand of DNA after the addition of a primer is facilitated by ___

A

DNA polymerase III

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5
Q

Telomerase is important in which step of DNA replication?

A

Termination

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6
Q

If DNA polymerase I were mutated so that all its enzymatic activities were inactive, which part of replication would be most affected?

a. synthesis of okazaki fragments
b. joining of okazaki fragments

A

b

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7
Q

Okazaki fragments are used to elongate the ___ strand ___ (away or towards) the replication fork

A

lagging
away

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8
Q

T/F: During semiconservative replication, the original double helix template remains intact and a new double helix forms

A

F

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9
Q

T/F: the single stranded binding protein destroys the bonds between adenine and thymine to form the replication bubble

A

F

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10
Q

Since the first nucleotides cannot be linked in a newly synthesized strand in DNA replication, ___ is required

A

RNA primer

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11
Q

What would happen when the two replication forks meet each other and fuse?

A

Termination

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12
Q

Telomerases are responsible for the progressive synthesis of telomeric DNA repeats of ___

A

TTAGGG

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13
Q

___ join DNA fragments to the lagging strand

A

ligases

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14
Q

In the replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by ___

A

helicase

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15
Q

How many replication fork/s is/are there in a replication bubble?

A

2

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16
Q

Sites at which single-stranded DNA is exposed, and at which DNA synthesis occurs

A

replication fork

17
Q
A
17
Q

Direction of DNA replication

A

5’ to 3’

18
Q

Specialized sites where DNA replication starts

A

Origin of replication

19
Q

T/F: the origin of replication is where the DNA double helix is opened

A

T

20
Q

In the initiation phase, the ___ breaks the bonds between the double helix structure

A

Pre-replication protein complex

21
Q

This protein prevents the reannealing of the single stranded structure and prevents the DNA from being degraded by nucleases

A

Single stranded binding proteins

22
Q

The enzyme that harnesses the chemical energy from the ATP hydrolysis to separate two DNA strands

A

helicase

23
Q

The action of this enzyme usually causes tension and torsion

A

helicase

24
Q

Fights positive supercoils by putting negative supercoils ahead of the replication fork, thus, the torsional strain is released

A

topoisomerase (II - gyrase)

25
Q

Topoisomerase I are present in what type of organism/s?

A

eukaryotes

26
Q

Topoisomerase II are present in what type of organism/s?

A

eukaryotes/prokaryotes

27
Q

Topoisomerase IV are present in what type of organism/s?

A

prokaryotes

28
Q

Examples of anticancer drugs made from topoisomerase I

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

29
Q

Examples of anticancer drugs made from topoisomerase II

A

Etoposide, tenoposide, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxcain, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin)

30
Q

The elongation during replication is in what direction?

A

5’ to 3’

31
Q

They are responsible for copying a short stretch of DNA template strand to produce RNA primer

A

primase

32
Q

Hydrogen-bonded to template and provides a stable framework to which the nascent chain starts to grow

A

primase

33
Q

The cut-and-patch process is also called the ___

A

nick translation

34
Q

Seals the nick between the new strands in the lagging strans

A

ligase

35
Q

Occurs when the two replication forks moving away from the single origin of replication meet on the opposite side of the circle

A

termination

36
Q

when the forks approach each other, the replication complex disseminates and ___ occur

A

termination

MT6319 (7 decks)

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