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MT6319 > [1] LEC: DNA & RNA structure > Flashcards

[1] LEC: DNA & RNA structure Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: mRNA goes in and out of the nuclear membrane

A

F (cannot go back in again)

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2
Q

This part of the nuclear membrane is studded with ribosomes

A

Outer membrane

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3
Q

The inner nuclear membrane is connected to the ___

A

lamin

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4
Q

T/F: nucleotides are building block of DNA & RNA and they go out of the nuclear pore

A

F (they go in)

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5
Q

These bind to promoter region to act as signal for RNA to hop on

A

Transcription regulation factors

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6
Q

Components of the nucleolus

A

rRNA and CHONS

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7
Q

The histone protein is an octamere protein which has 8 units of different proteins, namely:

A

H2A
H2B
H3
H4

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8
Q

The ___ ___ is acted upon by the methyl transferase

A

CpG islands

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9
Q

They recognize CpG islands as an active site

A

Methyl transferase

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10
Q

This process is meant to bind the histones and DNA

A

methylation

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11
Q

The effect of methylation through 1 ion

A

opens up binding

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12
Q

The effect of methylation through 2-3 ions

A

tightens binding

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13
Q

The effect of acetylation

A

loosens binding

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14
Q

The H1 proteins is ___ charged, which enables linking with the phosphate group with ___ charge

A

+, -

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15
Q

Function of the H1 protein

A

chromatin compaction
transcription regulation
nucleosome spacing
chromosome spacing

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16
Q

The 5-carbon sugar ring component of the DNA

A

nitrogenous base

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17
Q

The 9-member double ring

A

purine

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18
Q

The 6-member single ring

A

pyrimidine

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19
Q

Identify the carbon number:

bind to nitrogenous base

A

1

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20
Q

Identify the carbon number:

bind to OH group

A

3

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21
Q

Identify the carbon number:

completes the cyclic structure

A

4

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22
Q

Identify the carbon number:

contains the phosphate group

A

5

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23
Q

When nitrogenous base and pentose sugar is bonded, they form ___ bond

A

glycosidic

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24
Q

When nitrogenous base and pentose sugar is bonded, they form ___

A

nucleoside

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25
The bonding between the pentose sugar and a purine base is ___
covalent
26
The bond between phosphate group and the nucleoside forms ___ bond at 5' hydroxyl group
phosphoester
27
The nucleoside is joined together through a ___ bond, which involves ___ reaction
phosphodiester dehydration
28
Chargaff's rules: two long polynucleotide chains are coiled around a ___ axis, forming a ___-handed double helix
central right
29
Chargaff's rules: the two DNA strand are ___, that is, their 5' to 3' orientation runs in ___ direction
antiparallel opposite
30
Chargaff's rules: the base of both chains lie ___ to the axis, and they are stacked on one another
perpendicular
31
This indicates a definite pattern of base composition in DNA molecules
Chargaff's rules
32
Chargaff's rules: the nitrogenous base of opposite chains are paired as the result of the formation of a ___ bond in DNA
hydrogen
33
Chargaff's rules: each complete turn of helix is ___ A
34
34
Chargaff's rules: the double helix has a diameter of ___ A
20
35
The nitrogenous base pairs are bonded by ___ bond
hydrogen
36
The sugar phosphate backbone is located on the ___
outside
37
The nitrogenous base is located on the ___ of the double helix structure
inside
38
Factors of complementary base pairing
geometrical location & interactions between functional groups
39
The major groove is ___ A long
22
40
The minor groove is ___ A long
12
41
Each repeat of double helix is ___ A
34
42
The distance between the adjacent nucleotides is ___ A
3.4
43
Each helix turn has approximately ___ base pairs
10
44
Each base pair rotates ___ degrees around the axis of the helix, completing a ___ degrees in 10 base pairs
36 360
45
If the DNA has >10 base pairs, it is called ___
overwound
46
If the DNA has <10 base pairs, it is called ___
underwound
47
Identify the DNA type: extracted through dehydration or high salt conditions
A
48
Identify the DNA type: Can be found in DNA-RNA & RNA-RNA hybrids
A
49
Compare: A __ B length thickness
< >
50
Each repeat of A DNA is ___ A
24.6
51
Each turn of A DNA has ___ base pairs
11
52
The major groove of __ DNA runs deep & narrow
A
53
The minor groove of __ DNA runs deep & narrow
Z
54
The minor groove of __ DNA runs shallow & broad
A
55
Identify the DNA type: Extracted through high humidity
B
56
Identify the DNA type: Most common form in vivo
B
57
Identify the DNA type: Most common form in solution in vitro
B
58
The inside of the B DNA is ___ A
11
59
The outside of the B DNA is ___ A
20
60
One complete run of the B DNA is ___ A
34
61
Every turn of B DNA has ___ base pairs
10
62
Identify the DNA type: Extracted through high salt concentration with the presence of alcohol
Z
63
Identify the DNA type: Left handed
Z
64
Each repeat of Z DNA is ___ A
45.6
65
Each helical turn of Z DNA is ___ base pairs
12
66
tRNA constitute __% of the RNAs
15
66
The major groove of ___ DNA is very shallow to the point of virtually nonexistent
Z
67
This RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation
tRNA
68
RNA polymerase I synthesizes ___
rRNA
69
RNA polymerase II synthesizes ___
mRNA & SnRNA
70
RNA polymerase III synthesizes ___
tRNA
71
Identify the RNA: codes for proteins
mRNA
72
Identify the RNA: form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis
rRNA
73
Identify the RNA: central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids
tRNA
74
Identify the RNA: function in a variety of nuclear processes, including the splicing of pre-mRNA
snRNA
75
Identify the RNA: help to process and chemically modify rRNAs
snoRNA
76
Identify the RNA: regulate gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and cause their degradation
miRNA
77
Identify the RNA: turn off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and the establishment of compact chromatin structures
siRNA
78
Identify the RNA: protect the germ line from transposable elements
piRNA
79
Identify the RNA: many serve as scaffolds; they regulate diverse cell processes, including X-chromosome inactivation
lncRNA

MT6319 (7 decks)

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