Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT6319 > [1] LEC: DNA & RNA structure > Flashcards

[1] LEC: DNA & RNA structure Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: mRNA goes in and out of the nuclear membrane

A

F (cannot go back in again)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This part of the nuclear membrane is studded with ribosomes

A

Outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The inner nuclear membrane is connected to the ___

A

lamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: nucleotides are building block of DNA & RNA and they go out of the nuclear pore

A

F (they go in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These bind to promoter region to act as signal for RNA to hop on

A

Transcription regulation factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of the nucleolus

A

rRNA and CHONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The histone protein is an octamere protein which has 8 units of different proteins, namely:

A

H2A
H2B
H3
H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ___ ___ is acted upon by the methyl transferase

A

CpG islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

They recognize CpG islands as an active site

A

Methyl transferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This process is meant to bind the histones and DNA

A

methylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The effect of methylation through 1 ion

A

opens up binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The effect of methylation through 2-3 ions

A

tightens binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The effect of acetylation

A

loosens binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The H1 proteins is ___ charged, which enables linking with the phosphate group with ___ charge

A

+, -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of the H1 protein

A

chromatin compaction
transcription regulation
nucleosome spacing
chromosome spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The 5-carbon sugar ring component of the DNA

A

nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The 9-member double ring

A

purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The 6-member single ring

A

pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Identify the carbon number:

bind to nitrogenous base

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Identify the carbon number:

bind to OH group

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identify the carbon number:

completes the cyclic structure

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Identify the carbon number:

contains the phosphate group

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When nitrogenous base and pentose sugar is bonded, they form ___ bond

A

glycosidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When nitrogenous base and pentose sugar is bonded, they form ___

A

nucleoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The bonding between the pentose sugar and a purine base is ___

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The bond between phosphate group and the nucleoside forms ___ bond at 5’ hydroxyl group

A

phosphoester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The nucleoside is joined together through a ___ bond, which involves ___ reaction

A

phosphodiester
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

two long polynucleotide chains are coiled around a ___ axis, forming a ___-handed double helix

A

central
right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

the two DNA strand are ___, that is, their 5’ to 3’ orientation runs in ___ direction

A

antiparallel
opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

the base of both chains lie ___ to the axis, and they are stacked on one another

A

perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This indicates a definite pattern of base composition in DNA molecules

A

Chargaff’s rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

the nitrogenous base of opposite chains are paired as the result of the formation of a ___ bond in DNA

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

each complete turn of helix is ___ A

A

34

34
Q

Chargaff’s rules:

the double helix has a diameter of ___ A

A

20

35
Q

The nitrogenous base pairs are bonded by ___ bond

A

hydrogen

36
Q

The sugar phosphate backbone is located on the ___

A

outside

37
Q

The nitrogenous base is located on the ___ of the double helix structure

A

inside

38
Q

Factors of complementary base pairing

A

geometrical location & interactions between functional groups

39
Q

The major groove is ___ A long

A

22

40
Q

The minor groove is ___ A long

A

12

41
Q

Each repeat of double helix is ___ A

A

34

42
Q

The distance between the adjacent nucleotides is ___ A

A

3.4

43
Q

Each helix turn has approximately ___ base pairs

A

10

44
Q

Each base pair rotates ___ degrees around the axis of the helix, completing a ___ degrees in 10 base pairs

A

36
360

45
Q

If the DNA has >10 base pairs, it is called ___

A

overwound

46
Q

If the DNA has <10 base pairs, it is called ___

A

underwound

47
Q

Identify the DNA type:

extracted through dehydration or high salt conditions

A

A

48
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Can be found in DNA-RNA & RNA-RNA hybrids

A

A

49
Q

Compare:

A __ B

length
thickness

A

<
>

50
Q

Each repeat of A DNA is ___ A

A

24.6

51
Q

Each turn of A DNA has ___ base pairs

A

11

52
Q

The major groove of __ DNA runs deep & narrow

A

A

53
Q

The minor groove of __ DNA runs deep & narrow

A

Z

54
Q

The minor groove of __ DNA runs shallow & broad

A

A

55
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Extracted through high humidity

A

B

56
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Most common form in vivo

A

B

57
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Most common form in solution in vitro

A

B

58
Q

The inside of the B DNA is ___ A

A

11

59
Q

The outside of the B DNA is ___ A

A

20

60
Q

One complete run of the B DNA is ___ A

A

34

61
Q

Every turn of B DNA has ___ base pairs

A

10

62
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Extracted through high salt concentration with the presence of alcohol

A

Z

63
Q

Identify the DNA type:

Left handed

A

Z

64
Q

Each repeat of Z DNA is ___ A

A

45.6

65
Q

Each helical turn of Z DNA is ___ base pairs

A

12

66
Q

tRNA constitute __% of the RNAs

A

15

66
Q

The major groove of ___ DNA is very shallow to the point of virtually nonexistent

A

Z

67
Q

This RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

A

tRNA

68
Q

RNA polymerase I synthesizes ___

A

rRNA

69
Q

RNA polymerase II synthesizes ___

A

mRNA & SnRNA

70
Q

RNA polymerase III synthesizes ___

A

tRNA

71
Q

Identify the RNA:

codes for proteins

A

mRNA

72
Q

Identify the RNA:

form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

A

rRNA

73
Q

Identify the RNA:

central to protein synthesis as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

A

tRNA

74
Q

Identify the RNA:

function in a variety of nuclear processes, including the splicing of pre-mRNA

A

snRNA

75
Q

Identify the RNA:

help to process and chemically modify rRNAs

A

snoRNA

76
Q

Identify the RNA:

regulate gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and cause their degradation

A

miRNA

77
Q

Identify the RNA:

turn off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and the establishment of compact chromatin structures

A

siRNA

78
Q

Identify the RNA:

protect the germ line from transposable elements

A

piRNA

79
Q

Identify the RNA:

many serve as scaffolds; they regulate diverse cell processes, including X-chromosome inactivation

A

lncRNA

MT6319 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions