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[OS 206] 3rd Lecture Exam > [1] Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder > Flashcards

[1] Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

Renal Disease Mortality Ranking Among Filipinos

A

9

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2
Q

Two Leading Causes of Kidney Failure

A

Diabetes

High Blood Pressure

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3
Q

What do you check for in the urine to indicate kidney disease?

A

Protein or Albumin

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4
Q

Urine Passed Per Day

A

1.2-1.5L

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5
Q

Normal Color of Urine

A

Amber

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6
Q

Is Urine Sterile?

A

Yes, it is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi

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7
Q

Tough capsule surrounding kidneys

A

Renal Capsule

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8
Q

How much blood do the kidneys receive per day?

A

1100-2000 Liters

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9
Q

Blood is cleaned out once every how many minutes?

A

4

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10
Q

Kidneys span what vertebrae?

A

T12-L3

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11
Q

Location: Right Kidney

A

Right paravertebral gutter

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12
Q

Which of the kidney’s is lower?

A

Right Kidney

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13
Q

Which kidney is usually donated?

A

Right Kidney

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14
Q

Location: Left Kidney

A

Superior Pole at T11

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15
Q

How come there is an increased risk for pneumothorax when undergoing nephrectomy?

A

Pleural reflection is located at T12

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16
Q

Which of the kidneys are palpable?

A

Right Kidney

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17
Q

[Renal Hilum]

Entrance of what vessels?

A

Renal Artery

Also entrance to the renal sinus

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18
Q

[Renal Hilum]

Exit of what vessels?

A

Renal Vein

Renal Pelvis

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19
Q

Content: Renal Sinus

A 
Renal Pelvis
Renal Calyces
Renal Vessels
Renal Nerves
Fat
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20
Q

Where are the nephrons found?

A

Renal Cortex

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21
Q

Most basic microscopic structures of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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22
Q

Inner Layer of the Kidney

A

Renal Medulla

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23
Q

Contents: Medulla

A 
Pyramids
Papillae
Columns
Calyces
Pelvis
Nephron that is not in the cortex
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24
Q

Site for salt, water and urea absorption

A

Medulla

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25
Q

Houses the hoop of Henle and collecting duct of the Nephron

A

Renal Pyramid

26
Q

2 Layers of the Renal Pyramid

A

Internal Medullary Layer

External Cortical Layer

27
Q

Composition: Internal Medullary Layer

A

Renal Pyramids

6-16/Kidney

28
Q

What does the external cortical layer form?

A

Cortical Arches/Renal Columns of Bertin

29
Q

Tips of Renal Pyramids that release urine into calyces

A

Renal Papillae

30
Q

Collecting sacs that surround renal papillae

A

Renal Calyces

31
Q

Function: Renal Calyces

A

Transport Urine from Papillae -> Pelvis

32
Q

Flow of Urine

A

Pyramid -> Papillae -> Minor Calyx -> Major Calyx -> Renal Pelvis -> Ureter

33
Q

Anterior Renal Fascia

A

Gerota

34
Q

Collects urine from all calyces in the kidney

A

Renal Pelvis

35
Q

Posterior Renal Fascia

A

Zuckerkandl

36
Q

What fills the posterior pararenal space?

A

Fat

37
Q

How does the Kidney regulate pH?

A

Excretes H+ Ions into Urine

Conserves Bicarbonate ions

38
Q

What hormone does the Kidney release to stimulate blood production?

A

Erythropoietin

39
Q

Three Important Hormones of the Kidney

A
  1. Erythropoietin
  2. Renin
  3. Calcitriol
40
Q

What is Calcitriol?

A

Active form of Vitamin D

41
Q

Blood Supply to the Kidney

A

Renal Artery

42
Q

Blood Tracing: Kidney

A

Renal Artery -> Segmental Artery -> Interlobar Artery -> Arcuate Artery -> Interlobular Artery -> Afferent Arteriole -> Efferent Arteriole

43
Q

When do arterial anastomoses begin in the kidney?

A

After the Interlobular Arteries

44
Q

What does the Anterior Division of the Renal Artery Supply?

A

Apical
Anterosuperior
Anteroinferior
Inferior

45
Q

What does the Posterior Division of the Renal Artery Supply?

A

Dorsal/Posterior Half

46
Q

Venous Drainage of the Kidney

A

Renal Vein

47
Q

Where does the Renal Vein drain to?

A

IVC

48
Q

Innervation of the Kidney

A

Renal Nerve Plexus

49
Q

What happens to the suprarenal gland during a kidney transplant?

A

Nothing, it is attached to the diaphragm and only a weak septum of renal fascia separates the kidney and the gland

50
Q

During a kidney transplant, where are the renal artery and vein joined to?

A

External Iliac Artery and Vein

51
Q

Define: Nephroptosis

A

Abnormal descent of the kidney by more than 3 cm when the body is erect

52
Q

Define: Ectopic Kidney

A

Congenitally misplaced kidney

Abnormal ureter length

53
Q

Inflammation of the Kidney can be tested using?

A

Psoas Test

54
Q

The renal plexus has communications with?

A

Celiac Plexus
Testicular Plexus
Lesser and Lowest Splanchnic Nerves
Lower and Outer Part of the Celiac Ganglion

55
Q

Function: Ureter

A

Transports urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

56
Q

3 Points of Narrowing in the Ureter

Which is the narrowest?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic Junction
  2. Crossing at the Iliac Vessels
  3. Ureterovesical Junction (Narrowest)
57
Q

Blood Supply of the Ureter

A

Renal Arteries
Gonadal Arteries (Testicular/Ovarian)
Abdominal Aorta
Common Iliac Arteries

58
Q

Venous Drainage of the Ureter

A

Renal and Gonadal Veins

59
Q

Innervation of the Ureter

A

Derived from the renal, abdominal aorta and superior hypogastric plexus

60
Q

Define: Renal Colic

A

Acute obstruction causing excrutiation pain

[OS 206] 3rd Lecture Exam (10 decks)

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