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Society & Culture > 1. Key Concepts > Flashcards

1. Key Concepts Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

Define ‘Society’ in the context of social sciences.

A

A network of people, groups, and institutions interacting in organized patterns.

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3
Q

What are the components of society?

A

Individuals, groups, institutions (e.g., family, education, government).

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4
Q

What are the scopes of society?

A

Local, national, regional, international.

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5
Q

How does interaction occur within a society?

A

Through formal (laws, policies) and informal (norms, customs) means.

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6
Q

What is ‘Culture’?

A

The shared knowledge, beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors that characterize a group.

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7
Q

Name the elements of culture.

A

Beliefs and values, customs and traditions, symbols and language, norms and laws.

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8
Q

Why is culture considered dynamic?

A

Because it adapts to internal and external influences.

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9
Q

How is individual identity shaped?

A

By personal experiences, relationships, and social interactions.

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10
Q

What is ‘Socialization’?

A

The process of learning societal norms and values.

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11
Q

Define ‘Roles’ in society.

A

Expected behaviors associated with a position.

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12
Q

What is ‘Status’ in a social context?

A

A social position, which can be ascribed (assigned at birth) or achieved.

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13
Q

What does ‘Environment’ refer to in society and culture?

A

The natural and built surroundings in which society exists.

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14
Q

How does the environment influence culture?

A

It shapes lifestyle, economic activities, and cultural practices.

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15
Q

Why are attitudes towards the environment important?

A

They affect sustainability and development.

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16
Q

What is the significance of ‘Time’ in society and culture?

A

Understanding past events to interpret the present and predict the future.

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17
Q

What is meant by ‘Change and Continuity’?

A

Analyzing what has changed and what has remained the same over time.

18
Q

Define ‘Power’ in social terms.

A

The ability to influence or control others.

19
Q

List the forms of power.

A

Coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, reward.

20
Q

What is ‘Authority’?

A

The legitimate right to make decisions and enforce obedience.

21
Q

Name the sources of authority.

A

Legal-rational (laws), traditional (customs), charismatic (personal qualities).

22
Q

How is gender a social construct?

A

Gender roles and expectations are culturally defined.

23
Q

How does gender impact society?

A

It influences division of labor, access to resources, and social expectations.

24
Q

What are the components of identity?

A

Personal identity, social identity, cultural identity.

25
Q

How is identity formed?

A

Through socialization and personal experiences.

26
Q

Define ‘Technologies’ in society.

A

Tools and systems that aid human activity.

27
Q

How do technologies impact society?

A

By facilitating communication, driving innovation, and creating a digital divide.

28
Q

What is ‘Globalisation’?

A

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries.

29
Q

List the aspects of globalisation.

A

Economic (trade, multinational corporations), cultural (spread of ideas, media), technological (rapid information exchange).

30
Q

What are the effects of globalisation?

A

Cultural homogenization, cultural resistance, and cultural revival.

31
Q

Name the agents of socialisation.

A

Family, education, peers, media, religion.

32
Q

What is a ‘Social Construct’?

A

Ideas or perceptions created and accepted by society (e.g., race, gender roles).

33
Q

Why are social constructs significant?

A

They influence behaviors and societal expectations.

34
Q

What are the life stages in the life course?

A

Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age.

35
Q

Define ‘Rights’ in society.

A

Entitlements such as freedom of speech, education, and equality.

36
Q

What are ‘Responsibilities’ in a social context?

A

Duties like obeying laws, respecting others, and contributing to society.

37
Q

What is ‘Kinship’?

A

Family relationships by blood, marriage, or adoption.

38
Q

List the functions of kinship.

A

Defines obligations and support systems, determines inheritance.

39
Q

What is ‘Class’ in social stratification?

A

Social stratification based on economic status.

40
Q

How does class impact individuals?

A

It affects access to resources, education, and opportunities.

41
Q

Define ‘Ethnicity’.

A

Shared cultural heritage and identity.

42
Q

How does ethnicity influence individuals?

A

Through community belonging, traditions, and potential discrimination.

Society & Culture (4 decks)

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