1. introduction and orientation Flashcards
systemic anatomy
subdivides the body into organ systems that work together towards a common goal or function.
regional (topographical) anatomy
the study of anatomy based on regions or subdivisions of the body emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles, nerves, and arteries) in that region
pathological anatomy
a branch of pathology and medicine that deals with the diagnosis of diseases based on the macroscopic examination of surgical and microscopic parts for the examination of cells and tissues
gross anatomy
deals with the structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye by means of cadaveric dissections. ex) muscles, bones, digestive organs
histology
the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope
cytology
aka cytopathology involves examining cells from bodily tissues or fluids to determine a diagnosis. (common tests include gynecologic, urinary, breast, ear/eye)
anatomical position
body is erect,upper limbs hang at the side,palms are facing forward ,fingers extended,feet flat on the floor, face straight ahead.
anterior (ventral)
before or in front, up. direction which denotes the front or forward part
posterior (dorsal)
behind, position of directions, towards the back
superior (cranial/cephalad)
more elevated in place or position, higher, upper, anatomically towards the head
inferior (caudal)
beneath, lower in place or position, under surface of an organ, indicating a structure below another structure, towards the feet
medial
nearer to the mid line, closer to the median plane, opposite of lateral position
lateral
a position or direction away from mid line, toward the side
unilateral
one side
bilateral
two sides
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
contralateral
on opposite sides of the body
proximal
nearest point of attachment, closer to the center of the body
distal
furthest from the point of attachment, away from the center of the body
internal
a directional term that means inside or closer to the center of an organ or cavity
external
a directional term that means outside or farther away from the center of an organ or cavity
parietal
forming the wall of a cavity (outside; protection; what you see)
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs contained within a cavity ( inside, what’s actually touching the cavity, what you don’t see)
peripheral
pertaining to the outer surface of the body or body part (located away from the center)
central
situated at or pertaining to a center or central point
superficial
closer to the surface ex) the skin is superficial to the bones
deep
below the surface, towards the central part of a structure, ex) lungs are deep to ribs, and ribs are deep to skin
mid-sagittal (median)
an imaginary vertical line, divides the body equally ( right down the middle)
sagittal plane
divides body and its parts into right and left portions, splits body into unequal parts (para sagittal)
para sagittal
parallel to mid sagittal
transverse (horizontal)
an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections, perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal plane (does not have to be equal)
frontal (coronal)
divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections
