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PSYC 233 PERSONALITY > 1: INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

1: INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Mechanisms

A

The processes of personality
Info-processing activity: extroverts looking for the most sociable situation
1. Input (environment)
2. Decision Rules (options)
3. Outputs (action)

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2
Q

Why study personality?

A
  1. Practicality
  2. Applications
  3. Career Decisions
  4. Human Nature
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3
Q

Allport’ universal definition of personality

A

“Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring. It also influences their interactions with and adaptations to the intrapsychic, physical and social environments”

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4
Q

Allport: Within the individual

A

Personality is something we carry within ourselves over time from one situation to the next

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5
Q

Allport: What does organized mean?

A

Personality is organized because the mechanisms and traits are linked coherently

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6
Q

Allport: What does enduring mean?

A

Traits are consistent over situations (angry vs anger-prone)

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7
Q

Person-Environment Interaction

A
  1. Perception of environment
  2. Selection of situations
  3. Evocations: The unintentional reactions produced in others
  4. Manipulations: The intentional attempt to influence others
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8
Q

Intrapsychic Environment

A

“Within the mind”: Our personality and characteristics may depend on our perception of our environment and our place in it. (self esteem and how we view our success in our goals)

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9
Q

Cattell: Defining Personality

A

16 Personality Factors
That which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation

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10
Q

Murray: Defining Personality

A

The continuity of functional forms and forces manifested through sequences of organized ruling processes from birth to death

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11
Q

Adler: Defining Personality

A

The individuals style/characteristic manner of responding to life’s problems and goals, a past and future influence

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12
Q

Jung: Defining Personality

A

The integration of the ego, collective unconscious, complexes, archetypes, persona (social mask) and anima (femininity and masculinity)

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13
Q

Allport: Defining Personality

A

The dynamic organization inside a person’s psychophysical systems that create the persons patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours

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14
Q

Allport’s Examined Definition of Personality

A
  1. It has structure and organization
  2. It has processes and is active, not passive
  3. Is a causal force and helps to determine how one relates to the world
  4. Is evident in patterns, recurrences and consistencies
  5. Is displayed in thoughts, feelings and behaviours
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15
Q

Commonalities in Personality Definition

A
  1. Consistency: the tendency to behave consistently in situations
  2. The origin of behaviour is from within
  3. A persons qualities can be summarized by describing their personality
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16
Q

5 Standards for a Theory

A
  1. Comprehensive, explanatory
  2. Heuristic, provide a framework
  3. Testable
  4. Parsimony (occam’s razor)
  5. Compatibility and integration across domains
17
Q

Functions of a Theory

A
  1. Description: provides a framework for organizing data
  2. Explanation: answer how things work
  3. Prediction
  4. Control: Fan we change the environment to rule our variables to help the theory
18
Q

6 Domains of Knowledge

A
  1. Dispositional (personality is influenced by traits we’re born with and develops over time)
  2. Biological (by biological events)
  3. Intrapsychic (mental defence mechanisms)
  4. Cognitive-Experiential (by subjective experiences and conscious thoughts, feelings and behaviours)
  5. Social-Cultural
  6. Adjustment (to challenge)
19
Q

Fundamental Issues to Domains of Knowledge

A

Individual differences and intrapersonal functioning

20
Q

Idiographic

A

Approach that focuses on an individual’s uniqueness

21
Q

Nomothetic

A

Approach that focuses on norms and variations among people

22
Q

3 Levels of Personality Analysis

A
  1. Human Nature: traits and mechanisms typical of our species
  2. Individual and group differences
  3. Individual uniqueness
23
Q

The Fissure In Personality Analysis

A

Gap between grand theories (human nature) and contemporary research (indiv and group differences)

PSYC 233 PERSONALITY (6 decks)

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