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Kines 2 Exam 1 > 1] Intro To Spine > Flashcards

1] Intro To Spine Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of the spine

A

Stability and mobility

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2
Q

What does primary curve mean?

A

Has posterior convexity

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3
Q

What does secondary curve mean?

A

Has anterior convexity

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4
Q

What two regions are primary curves?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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5
Q

What two regions are secondary curves?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

Protects spinal cord, roof of neural arch, bending forces

A

Laminae

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7
Q

What is pars interarticularis?

A

Space b/w articular processes

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8
Q

How many articular processes?

A

4 (2 superior and 2 inferior)

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9
Q

What 2 processes increase lever arm?

A

Spinous and transverse process

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10
Q

Transmits tension and bending forces

A

Pedicles

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11
Q

What part of neural arch increases in size from cervical to thoracic?

A

Pedicles

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12
Q

Function of the intervertebral disc

A

Increase motion and transmit load

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13
Q

3 parts of the IV disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
Vertebral end plate

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14
Q

Mostly water (70-90%)

A

Nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

Nucleus pulposus has primarily what type of collagen?

A

Type II

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16
Q

Annulus fibrosus is primarily what type of collagen in outer portions?

A

Type I

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17
Q

Annulus fibrosus attaches to end plates via ?

A

Sharpey fibers

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18
Q

Annulus fibrosus resists ?

A

Greater tensile forces

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19
Q

WHy are the fibers in the annulus layered in different directions at 45 degrees?

A

To resist forces coming from any direction

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20
Q

Does the IV disc have a blood supply?

A

No

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21
Q

IV disc gets nutrition via ?

A

Fusion

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22
Q

Where is the IV disc innervated?

A

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus fibrosus

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23
Q

How many degrees of freedom does Interbody joint have?

A

6

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24
Q

What are the 6 degrees of freedom in Interbody joint?

A 
Gliding
Distraction/compression
AP translation
Lateral tilting
Rotation
AP tilting
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25
Q

Resists distraction, translation and rotation

A

Outer fibers of anulus fibrosus

26
Q

Limits extension and reinforces anterolateral portion of anulus fibrosus

A

ALL (anterior longitudinal ligament)

27
Q

Limits forward flexion and reinforces posterior anulus fibrosus

A

PLL (posterior longitudinal ligament)

28
Q

Limits forward flexion esp in lumbar area, where it resists separation of laminae

A

Ligamentum flavum

29
Q

3 ligs that limit forward flexion

A

Supraspinous
Lig nuchae
Interspinous

30
Q

Also known as facet joints

A

Zygo articulation

31
Q

Cervical zygo articulation LIMITS?

A

Rotation and side bending

32
Q

Lumbar zygo articulations LIMIT ?

A

Rotation and lateral flexion

33
Q

Cervical zygo facets lie in what plane?

A

Transverse

34
Q

Thoracic zygo facets lie in what plane?

And favor?

A

Frontal plane

Lateral flexion

35
Q

Lumbar zygo facets lie in what plane?

And favor?

A

Sagittal plane

Flexion and extension

36
Q

Association of one motion about an axis with another motion around a different axis

A

Coupling motions

37
Q

What two motions occur together?

A

Rotation and lateral flexion

38
Q

Cervical coupling

A

SB and rotation happen to SAME side

39
Q

Thoracic coupling

A

SB and rotation happen to opposite side

40
Q

Lumbar coupling

A

SB and rotation happen to same side

41
Q

What 4 things does motion of the spine depend on?

A

1] orientation of facets
2] ligament function
3] muscle limitation
4] size of the disc

42
Q

Flexion glide and tilt is ?

43
Q

Foramen size in flexion

44
Q

Spinous process in flexion

45
Q

Anterior and posterior annulus in flexion

A

Anterior annulus compresses

Posterior annulus stretches

46
Q

Extension glide and tilt is

47
Q

Foramen in extension is

48
Q

Anterior and posterior annulus in extension is

A

Anterior annulus is stretched

Posterior annulus is compressed

49
Q

Lateral flexion motion

A

Lateral tilt, rotation and translation

50
Q

Lateral flexion foramen

A

Narrow on ipsi side

Wide on contra side

51
Q

Annulus with lateral flexion

A

Annulus compressed on concave side

Annulus stretched on convex side

52
Q

Rotation motion depends on?

A

Facet orientation

53
Q

Which ligament helps protect the disc from tensile forces during trunk extension?

A

ALL (anterior longitudinal lig)

54
Q

The ? Lig reinforces the posterior portion of the annulus fibrosus.

55
Q

What is the action of the right SCM muscle on the cervical spine?

A

Right lateral flexion and left rotation

56
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the Interbody joint have?

57
Q

In regards to the disc, the ? Contains primarily pe 1 collagen and can therefore resist ? Forces

A

Anulus fibrosus

Tensile

58
Q

What structure limits L rotation and R lateral flexion of the head?

A

Alar ligament

59
Q

What motion do the suboccipital muscles cause, when contracting independently?

A

Ipsi flexion and ipsi rotation

60
Q

Zygo joints of the thoracic spine are oriented in the ? Plane no favor ? While the lumbar zygo joints are t he sagittal plane and favor ? And ?

A

Frontal plane - lateral flexion

Extension and flexion

61
Q

What is an attachment of the quadratus lumborum?

62
Q

The fibers of the annulus fibrosus are oriented at ? Degrees to the horizontal.

Kines 2 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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