1. Intro (Bp and pulse) Flashcards
Primary survey
airway
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure
level of consciousness
alert and oriented
confused and disoriented
lethargic
obtunded
unconscious
mental status examination
appearance
behaviour
cognition
thinking
levels of prioritization
- life threatening, urgent action
- can lead to clinical deterioration
- non-urgent
intervention types
effective
ineffective
unrelated
contraindicated
Normal pulse for child and adult
adult = 60-100
child = 100-175
sinus arrhythmia
irregular pulse rhythm, increase in inspiration and decrease upon expiration
Normal BP for adult
120/80
Non modifiable BP factors
Age – especially ≥ 55 years
Sex
Ethnicity
Family history of cardiovascular disease
Diurnal rhythm (natural body rhythm)
Width of BP cuff should equal __% of circumference of pt arm
40%
narrow/ tight BP could lead to
false high BP reading
Auscultatory Gap
abnormal findings, when korotkoff sound reappear during deflation but then disappear and reappear again
when conducting 2 step BP, how much mm Hg do you add
30mm Hg
Orthostatic hypotension
systolic drops more than 20 mmHg
or pulse increase more than 20 bpm when moving
If BP is not within normal range what do you do
check bilaterally or wait for a while
atrial fibrillation aka arrhthmia
atria quiver/ beats irregularly
Aneurysm
ballooning of weak blood vessel
peripheral arterial disease
obstruction of vessels
tachypnea
rapid respiratory rate
intercostal retraction
intercostal muscle pulled inward when breathing
hemodynamic instability
clinical state which circulatory perfusion is compromised
apical pulse location for adults and children
adult = 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
child = 4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
when taking Bp you use which side of stethoscope
Bell
hypovolemia
low blood volume in body
