#1 Intro / Bone Features / Classifications Flashcards
What are lacunae?
Spaces within the matrix where cells reside in bone and cartilage
Both bone and cartilage have cells residing in spaces called lacunae.
What is a key difference between bone matrix and cartilage matrix?
Bone matrix contains calcium; cartilage does not
Bone matrix contains calcium, while cartilage does not.
How does blood supply affect healing in bone and cartilage?
Bone has extensive blood supply; cartilage is avascular
Bone has an extensive blood supply, aiding in faster healing. Cartilage is avascular, leading to slower healing.
What is the composition of bone?
Approximately 35% living cells and 65% inorganic materials like calcium phosphates
Collagen fibers provide strength and serve as a scaffold for mineral deposition.
What defines long bones?
Longer than wide, e.g., femur, phalanges
Examples include femur and phalanges.
What are short bones?
Boxy bones, e.g., carpals, tarsals
Examples include carpals and tarsals.
What characterizes flat bones?
Thin and flat, e.g., ribs, cranial bones
Examples include ribs and cranial bones.
What are irregular bones?
Bones with complex shapes, e.g., vertebrae, sphenoid
Examples include vertebrae and sphenoid.
What is the axial skeleton?
Central body structures, e.g., skull, vertebral column
The axial skeleton includes the skull and vertebral column.
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Limbs and girdles, e.g., arms, legs, shoulder girdle
The appendicular skeleton includes arms, legs, and shoulder girdle.
What is a foramen?
A passageway for nerves and blood vessels
Foramen serves as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels.
What is a meatus?
A longer passageway, e.g., external auditory meatus
An example of a meatus is the external auditory meatus.
What is a condyle?
A rounded articular surface, e.g., mandibular condyle
An example of a condyle is the mandibular condyle.
What is a trochanter?
A large projection on the femur
Trochanter is a large projection found on the femur.
What is a tuberosity?
A smaller projection, e.g., tibial tuberosity
An example of a tuberosity is the tibial tuberosity.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Site of bone lengthening in children
The epiphyseal plate is crucial for bone growth in children.
What is the periosteum?
Outer protective layer with fibrous and cellular layers
The periosteum serves as the outer protective layer of bone.
What does the endosteum line?
The inner layer lining the medullary cavity
The endosteum lines the medullary cavity of bones.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Most common type of cartilage, found at joints and rib ends
Hyaline cartilage provides smooth surfaces for joint movement.
What is fibrocartilage?
Tough cartilage found in intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage is designed to withstand pressure and tension.
What are the functions of bone?
- Support: Framework for the body
- Protection: Shields vital organs
- Anchorage: Facilitates movement with muscles
- Blood Cell Production: Occurs in bone marrow
- Fat Storage: Yellow marrow stores adipose tissue
These functions highlight the importance of bone in overall body health.
What are some study tips for learning about bones?
- Familiarize with bone names and features
- Use study guides to focus on required bones and features
- Understand the terminology for bone structures and functions
Effective study strategies can enhance retention of anatomical knowledge.
