1. Intro Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system: overall functions

A
  • enables body to react to continuous changes in internal and external environments
  • controls and integrates body’s activities
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2
Q

ways to organize the nervous system

A
  • structurally
    • CNS
    • PNS
  • functionally
    • somatic nervous system
    • autonomic nervous system
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3
Q

lobes of the cerebrum, and function

A
  • frontal
    • higher mental processes (thinking, decision-making, and planning)
  • parietal
    • processes sensory information
  • occipital
    • processes visual information
  • temporal
    • processes auditory information
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4
Q

CNS is protected by:

A
  1. skull
  2. vertebrae & meninges
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5
Q

spinal nerve (PNS)

A

emerges from between 2 adjacent vertebrae

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6
Q

spinal cord (CNS) has 2 paths

A
  • ascending information, and
  • descending information
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7
Q

peripheral nervous system (structural organization)

A
  • consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to/away from CNS
  • organizes into nerves which connect the CNS w/ peripheral structures
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8
Q

2 types of tissue components (cell types & function)

A
  • neurons: nerve cells specialized for rapid communication
  • neuroglia: support cells; there are 5 neuroglia per neuron
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9
Q

structure of a neuron

A
  • dendrites: stim. by environmental changes or the activities of other cells
  • cell body: contains nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles, and incl.
  • axon: conducts nerve impulse (AP) toward synaptic terminals
  • terminal boutons: affects another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)
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10
Q

types of synapses

A
  1. neuron-neuron
  2. neuromuscular
  3. neuroglandular
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11
Q

nerve fiber: define

A
  • axon and its coverings
  • Nerve may be bundled together w/ lots of individual nerve fibers (wrapped in endoneurium) then bundles wrapped in perineurium –> then altogether wrapped in epineurium
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12
Q

two types of info conveyed by spinal nerves? pathway?

A
  • motor info –> muscle or gland
  • sensory info –> from receptor organ
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13
Q

which nerve root carries sensory information

A

A) dorsal root, bc it has dorsal root ganglion w/ sensory neuron cell bodies

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14
Q

good example of a dermatome

A

herpes zoster virus: will reside in the dorsal root ganglia after chicken pox –> can become reactivated and be responsible for Shingles (and follows T5 dermatome)
• Dermatome - unilateral distribution on patch of skin attributed to a single vertebral level

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15
Q

somatic nervous system: define, function

A
  • soma means “body”
  • composed of SOMATIC parts of CNS & PNS
  • provides sensory and motor inn to all parts of body, except:
    • viscera (organs) in body cavities
    • smooth muscle
    • glands
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16
Q

somatic sensory system: define

A
  • transmits sensations of touch, pain, temp, & position from sensory receptors
  • impusles enter spinal cord via dorsal root
17
Q

somatic motor system: define

A
  • innervates only skeletal muscle
  • stimulates voluntary and reflexive movement by causing the muscle to contract
  • impulses exit spinal cord via ventral root
18
Q

autonomic nervous system: define

A
  • motor fibers stimulate
    • smooth (involuntary) muscle
    • modified cardiac muscle
    • glandular (secretory) cells
  • 2 neuron system
    • presynaptic - cell body in CNS
    • postsynaptic - cell body outside CNS (PNS)
19
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. sympathetic: “fight or flight”
    • fxn: blood vessel regulation
  2. parasympathetic: “nap & crap”
    • fxn: maintain homeostasis
20
Q

sympathetic division of ANS

(location, structure)

A
  • thoracolumbar origin
  • 2-neuron system:
    • presynaptic: cell bodies in gray matter of spinal cord
    • post synaptic: cells bodies in sympathetic chain ganglia
21
Q

which autonomic nervous system division originates at:

thoracolumbar?

A

sympathetic division

22
Q

parasympathetic division:

location and structure

A
  • craniosacral origin
  • 2-neuron system
    • presynaptic
      • cell bodies in brainstem or sacral spinal cord
    • postsynaptic
      • cell bodies located at effector organ
23
Q

which autonomic system division has:

craniosacral origin

A

parasympathetic division