1. Identity (both)

Question 1

What is Social identity theory?

Answer 1

identity is closely related to the group in which they exist

human interaction is purely interpersonal or/and purely intergroup

sense of identity within a group increases polarisation and the ‘Us’ vs. ‘Them

Question 2

What do Social Sciences, Social psychology and Sociology mean?

Answer 2

1. Study of human society and social relationships
2. Study of social interactions, including their origins and effects on individuals and groups
3. Study of the development, structure, and functioning of society

Question 3

what is social categorization theory?

Answer 3

argues that human interaction within the intragroup leads to the development of a social identity that is more salient than a personal one.

This theory measures the extent to which the social categories are perceived to reflect social reality

It is when strong intragroup similarities and intergroup differences are observable
(comparative)

It is also high when social behaviour and group membership are in line with stereotypical expectations (normative)

-> all reliant on social context

Question 4

what is depersonalisation?

Answer 4

individual that is absorbed within a group becomes less of a single individual, and more of a prototype of the group

That person’s attitudes, behaviours and emotions are in line with those of the group. This leads to intragroup homogeneity and ultimately bias
-> maybe loss of personal identity and apodting a more generalized one

Question 5

What is the Thomas theorem?

Answer 5

-if situations are defined as real, they are real in their consequences

Question 6

when was the emergence of the self and what did it mean?

Answer 6

• middle ages: self was permeable, shaped and controlled by forces and social hierarchy was determined by the proximity to the divinity
  
  • Age of reason: everything about the external world, including God, was dubious but one thing was not and that was the existence of the individual, the doubting self → we define ourselves
  • modernist self: Human organisations therefore behave ‘as if’ they were systems, but they are in fact not
  • Expressivist: return to nature, self-actualization, self-as-product thinking, rational thinking

Question 7

What is Kants System in Manegement?

Answer 7

Humans reduced to human capital, lose individuality and moral agency because they are part of a system
General Systems Theory: self-regulating tendency towards equilibrium, homeostasis or balance (especially in economics and biology)
Cybernetic Systems: Feedback leads to self-regulated goal-oriented adaptation based on the environment
Systems dynamics: Focus on mathematical models

Question 8

What is Systems Thinking in Management?

Answer 8

Organizations are not systems but instead social processes
Organizing is a paradox: balance between
Social / individual
Predictability / unpredictability
Control / lack of control
Our views are formed by social groups, there is no individual without the groups that shape them (ideology shaping organizations, politics especially)

Question 9

What types of identity are there?

Answer 9

Human identity
Self as a human being

Social identity
Self-image which derives from a membership to a social categories and the emotional consequences of being part of the group
Groups that define you

Personal Identity
Attitudes, memories, emotions, behaviors which define individual people as distinct from others
What makes you different, unique, you
Relative to others