1: History, localisation of function, techniques in CN Flashcards
What is equipotentiality?
the theory that the brain has the capacity to transfer functional memory from the damaged portion of the brain to other undamaged portions (relocating function)
What did Golgi do?
Found a way to stain neurons which enables us to see details of their structure
What is the neuron doctrine? (what did Cajal say about images of neurons)
Cajal said NEURONS ARE connected with each other but are INDIVIDUAL UNITS
What did Brodmann do?
Cut up human brains and stained all the sections. Found that there are differences in how the neurons are organised. Labelled different areas based on their neuron organisation (known as Brodmann areas)
What is cytoarchitecture?
Architecture of the cells (This is what Brodmann investigated)
What is the absolute threshold?
The minimum amount of stimulation required to trigger a reaction or produce a sensation (e.g. minimal distance to see a candle light ahead or to hear a clock sound ticking)
What is the difference threshold?
Ability to differentiate between two things (difference you can detect is proportional to the size of the thing you are measuring)
Donders (1868) Simple reaction time experiment:
Measured how long it takes for a reaction to light to occur
Donders (1868) Choice reaction time experiment:
Depending on the location of the light, a different button had to be pressed. This enabled Donders to measure how long it takes to make a choice (by subtracting simple reaction time).
Ebbinghaus (1885) The forgetting curve:
Learned three-letter nonsense words. Memory for these words changed as a function of time (memory decayed over time). When relearning these words, subsequent forgetting changed in nature (more learning led to slower forgetting over time).
Who set up the first psychology lab?
Wundt (1879): he set up the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology. In doing so, he separated psychology from philosophy and biology and became the first person to be called a psychologist.
How did Tolman (1938) challenge behaviourism?
The rat learns that it has to turn right to arrive at the location of the cheese (through conditioning). However, if placed on the other side of the ‘cross-junction’, the rat turns left (not right as would be expected from a behaviourist perspective).
Tolman thought that the rat referred to an internal map of its environment.
VENTRAL visual pathway is the ____ pathway.
What
DORSAL visual pathway is the ____ pathway
Where
