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History Tudors ALEVEL > 1) HenryVII Consolidation Of Power > Flashcards

1) HenryVII Consolidation Of Power Flashcards

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1
Q

Henrys early life

A

Fled to france at 14 when edward IV came to power.

Lived as a fugitive in the duchy of Brittany.

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2
Q

How was henrys early life useful for his future as a ruler

A

His ability to think like a fugitive proved to be useful political training.
Manipulates nonility

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3
Q

When was the battle of bosworth

A

22nd August 1485

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4
Q

Key events in the battle of bosworth

A

Henry returned from exile
Urgently mustered support
Richard III forced arrived on hill with arches and soldiers
Thomas and william stanley reluctant to aupport R3 so stood at side
Earl of Northumberland refused to take part till outcoke was clearer
R3 commander (Duke of Norfolk) killed
W stanely ordered his cabalry to attack R3
R3 cut down and killed

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5
Q

Consequences of Battle of Bosworth

A

Death of R3
Henry crowned king by thomas stanely
Royal forced broke up and confusion fled
Tudor family replaced House of York as ruling dynasty in England and Wales

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6
Q

3 important factors of Henry consolidating Tudor Dynasty

A

Ability to think like a fugitive - useful politicial training

Arranged his corronation to take place before the first meeting of parlaiment (7th nov)
Demonstrating his right to the throne was hereditary and not because parliament sanctioned it.

Dated his reign from 21st Aug 1485
Punish those who had supported R3
Property forfeited to crown and increased royal income

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7
Q

How did henry deal with yorkist threat while consolidating power

A

Wanted to preserve peace, law and order

Marries a yorkist queen (Elizabeth of York)

Detained Elizabeth before marriage because she had her own claim to the theone.

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8
Q

When consolidating power how did henry treat his enemies and supporters

A

Publically rewarded followers

Detain Earl of Warwick - much greater claim to throne than Henry

Rewarded William stanley with political influence which enabled him to develop his landed estates (chesire and north wales)

Made significant use of act of attainder

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9
Q

When henry was consolidating power what did he do with parliament/ royal finance

A

Made key appointments to his council

Made sir Reginald Bray chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Sir willaim stanley chamberlain of household

Enhanced royal income with parliamentary grant of tonnage and Poundage.

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10
Q

When was henrys marriage and how was this securing his dynasty

A

January 1486
Propaganda od union of two houses of york and lancaster.

Further secured by birth if his heir arthur (sept 1486)

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11
Q

List in 5 reasons for henrys defeat of R3 in BofB

A

Richard unpopularity
Intervention of WStanely on h7 behalf sent cavalry to attack R3
Inaction of earl of Northumberland and TStanely
Death of duke of Norfolk caused confusion

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12
Q

How secure was henry after consolidating power

A

Several potential yorkist threats

Margaret of Burgundy -R3 sister

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13
Q

What are the 4 key threats/rising against henry

A

Lovell and stafford
Simnel and john de la pole
Perkin warbeck
Sir william stanley

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14
Q

What had lovell and stafford attempted against henry

A

Lovell tried to raise a rebellion in R3 north riding of york. Simultaneously stafford raised forces in midlands.

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15
Q

Was lovell and staffors rising a threat?

A

Minor rising
Limited popularity from locals
Little enthusiasm and easliy suppressed

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16
Q

When was the lovell and stafford rebellion

A

1486 easter

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17
Q

What happened to lovell and stafford

A

Lovell- escaped from kings forces. Fled to flanders to be supported by “diabolic duchess” margaret
Stafford - captured and executed

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18
Q

Who was lovell

A

Close ally to R3

His Lord chancellor

19
Q

How did henry overcome the lovell and stafford threat

A 
Poor leadership
Gentry stood for henry 
Richards tarnished reputation (princes in tower) 
Henrys response was proportionate 
E.g executed stafford (instigator)
       Pardoned his brother (accomplice)
20
Q

Who is the Earl of lincoln

A

John de la pole

21
Q

What did john de la pole and simnel do that was a threat to henry

A

simnel passed off as Earl of Warick (conspiracy)

John took simnel to ireland to be ‘crowned’ by irish lords as king of england in may 1487

22
Q

What did henry do to overcome the threat of simnel

A

Henry paraded the real Earl of Warick to dispute simnels claim

Took risk of reinstating Northumberland in north to neutralise threat from yorkist howard family

Gathered advisors in south midlands

23
Q

How popular was the rebellion

Lambert simnel and earl of lincon

A

Little support
Notably from gentry of North riding of Yorkshire
Secret support - Eliz Woodwille - deprived of her lands

24
Q

Was there any foreign support for lincoln and simnel

A

Margaret paid 2000 mercenaries to invade England.

25
Q

What was the quality of leadership by simnel and lincoln

A

Lincoln - brave and reaourceful
Refused henry 7 offer of pardon before battle of stoke - gaining some support

But decisions to have simnek impersonate were easily delt with

26
Q

When was the battle of stoke field

A

1487

27
Q

What happened at the battle of stoke field

A

Earl of lincon killed

Henrys advisers were former yorkists ( victims R3)
Henry feared betrayal

Effectively led army by earl of oxford.

28
Q

Whats the significance of the battle of stokefield

A

Brought end of the war of roses

H7 left in safer position

Mild treatment to those eho rebelled - winning some yorkists

Bonds of good behaviour - ensure well behaved landowners or face financial ruin.

29
Q

What did perkin warbeck claim

A

Claimed to be duke of york (richard)

30
Q

Warbecks foreign support

A

Had ability to attract foreign patronage.

31
Q

Warbeck help from margaret

A

1491
Warbeck ed from france to court of margaret burgundy
Trained as potential yorkist prince and drew english courtiers into his conspiracies

32
Q

After battle of stoke what did warbeck attempt

A

1495 first attempt to land in england
H7 had been informed by sir robert clifford of warbecks intentions

Warbeck defeated quickly and fled to court of james IV

33
Q

What proved very costly to henry for after warbecks first attempt to land

A

Found out sir william stanley was potential traitor. (Trusted lord chancellor)

34
Q

What happened between warbeck and james IV of scottland after he retreated there

A

1496 small scottish force on border quickly retreated.

Warbeck made final attempt to seak english throne was harness cornish rebellion 1497

35
Q

What happened to warbeck

A

Surrended to king after forced crushed in cornish rebellion

Warbeck allowed to stay at court but confined to tower after trying to abscond (secretly leave).

Tried and execute

36
Q

How was henry able to overcome the threat of warbeck

A

H7 agent sir robert clifford informed him of warbecks plans in 1495

James IV withdrew military when james agreed to marry henrys daughter.

After warbeck defeat he chose to imprison over execute
Forced him to publically confess
Executed after attempt to absond

37
Q

What happened to the real earl of warwick

A

Warbecks final conspiracy attempts enabled him to get rid of earl of warwick (more obvious yorkist claim to throne)

Warwick - innocent - victim of political manoeuverings

Accused of plotting with warbeck and was beheaded.

Spent most if his life in confinement

38
Q

What happened to William Stanley

A

Arrested and convicted of treason
Executed 1495
Henry inclined to leniency at first but was persuaded by advisors to execute and illuminate future threats

39
Q

Who was Earl of Suffolk

A

Edmund de la pole

Brother to Earl of lincon - John de la pole

40
Q

What happened to Earl of Suffolk during his second fled

A

Fled in 1501
Seeking refuge at court of emperor Maximilian
Safe while Margaret of burgundy was politically opposed to Henry

41
Q

What happened to Earl of Suffolk after treaty of Windsor

A

Friendly relations restored between England and burgundy

Maximilian agreed to give up Suffolk - imprisoned in Tower of London

Henry took no further action against him.

42
Q

Why was Richard de la pole nicknames white rose

A

His brother executed by Henry 8th in 1513

So he was the last Yorkist claimant to actively and openly seek the crown of England. He lived in exile after many of his relatives were executed,

Died in 1525 fighting for french forces at battle of Pavia

43
Q

In summary what were Henry’s main aims

A

Ensuring long lasting dynamic stability

Ensure succession of his line

Ensure law and order by keeping control of nobility who engaged in bitter power struggles

Improve crowns financial position

Stabilising dynasty by securing recognition of foreign powers

History Tudors ALEVEL (6 decks)

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