1. Henry VII Flashcards
On what date was the Battle of Bosworth? - Henry VII
22nd August 1485
When did Henry date his reign from in his first Parliament? Why did he do this? - Henry VII
Henry dated his reign from the 21ST AUGUST 1485, one day before Bosworth to effectively brand anyone who opposed him as a traitor.
How many knighthoods did Henry award after Bosworth? What other titles did he distribute? - Henry VII
Henry awarded 11 knighthoods, giving other titles to notable supporters (made William Stanley Lord Chamberlain, made his uncle Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford).
How did Henry reward his supporters in terms of Government? - Henry VII
Henry made Sir William Stanley his Lord Chamberlain, effectively the head of his household government. Sir Reginald Bray made Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster.
On what date was Henry’s coronation? On what date was Henry’s first Parliament? - Henry VII
Henry’s coronation was held on the 30th October 1485. Henry’s first Parliament was held on the 7th November 1485.
What was the significance of Henry having his first parliament after his coronation? - Henry VII
Having his first parliament after the coronation was significant as only the King could call parliament, demonstrating how he was the monarch based on hereditary right and not due to parliamentary approval.
When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York? Why was it important this was after his coronation as King? - Henry VII
Henry married Elizabeth in January 1486.
By waiting until after his coronation to marry her, he ensured that any claim to the throne was made through him, and not dismissed as due to him being married to the daughter of Edward IV.
When did the Lovell rebellion take place? Who assisted him? Where was this rebellion? - Henry VII
The Lovell Rebellion, led by Viscount Lovell, occurred in Easter 1486, in the traditional Yorkist heartland of the North Riding of Yorkshire. Assisted by Humphrey Stafford.
Why did the Lovell rebellion fail? How were the perpetrators dealt with? - Henry VII
The Lovell rebellion lacked any sort of foreign support and, crucially, drew little support from traditional Yorkist heartlands (NRoY/Midlands).
Henry failed to capture Lovell at the time, so he lived, but Humphrey Stafford was executed, perhaps setting an example for other rebellions.
When did the Lambert Simnel conspiracy occur? Who did he draw patronage from and in what form? Who was his key Yorkist supporter? - Henry VII
The Lambert Simnel conspiracy happened in 1487.
He drew patronage from Margaret of Burgundy, the sister of Richard III. She supplied a force of mercenaries to help their cause.
Simnel was also aided by John de la Pole, a Yorkist claimant who was Richard III’s heir.
When was the Battle of Stoke field? - Henry VII
The Battle of Stoke field took place on the 16th June 1487.
What happened to Simnel and Earl of Lincoln (JDLP) after the Battle? - Henry VII
Simnel was at first imprisoned, but Henry later showed mercy, employing him in the kitchens of the royal household.
Earl of Lincoln was killed in battle, crucially removing a major threat to Henry
Who did Warbeck use as his accomplice in Henry’s government? What impact did this have? How did Henry deal with this? - Henry VII
Warbeck had recruited Sir William Stanley, Henry’s Lord Chamberlain, to aid his cause as an imposter. This caused Henry to become reclusive, paranoid and untrusting of close allies. He later executed Stanley.
How did Henry deal with the threat of Edmund and Richard de la Pole? - Henry VII
Edmund spent time with Yorkist sympathiser and Henry’s rival, Margaret of Burgundy, who provided sanctuary. However, the Treaty of Westminster (1506) saw that he was overturned to Henry and he was imprisoned in the tower.
Richard remained exiled in France, and was killed in 1525 fighting for French forces.
When were Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick executed? Why? - Henry VII
Warbeck and Warwick were both executed in 1499, having been accused of plotting together against the King.
How many parish churches were there in England during Henry VII’s reign? - Henry VII
England had over 8000 Parish Churches during Henry VII’s reign.
Henry VII appointed all bishops. How many of Henry’s bishops were trained in law compared to theological studies? Why was this? - Henry VII
Henry appointed 15 law graduates as bishops compared to 8 theologians. Legal training prepared bishops for administration, which was essential if they were to be elevated to political roles.
What sites constituted pilgrimage during Henry VII’s reign? What evidence is there of a potential decline in pilgrimage? - Henry VII
Holy sites such as the tomb of Thomas Becket or a site supposedly visited by the Virgin Mary (Walsingham in Norfolk) were seen as pilgrimages.
The tomb of Thomas Becket had witnessed a slight decline in popularity and there was a rise in opposition to pilgrimage.
What percentage of adult males were monks by 1500? How many religious communities existed in England? - Henry VII
By 1500, an estimated 1% of adult males were monks. 900 religious communities existed in England in 1500.
What were Lollard beliefs? What was the status of Lollardy during the reign of Henry VII? - Henry VII
They wanted a stronger understanding of the Bible and its translation into English, as well as that they promoted scepticism of transubstantiation. Considered a heretical belief, Lollardy had fallen from its widespread following and had declined into small geographical enclaves of support.
How many new grammar schools were founded between 1460 and 1509? - Henry VII
Between 1460 and 1509, 53 NEW GRAMMAR SCHOOLS were founded.
What are religious orders? What examples are there of these in Henry VII’s reign? - Henry VII
Religious orders are groups with diverging religious beliefs/practices from other groups. At the time, the larges groups were Benedictines (named after St Benedict), Cistercians and Carthusians.
How was Margaret Beaufort a significant figure religiously and educationally? - Henry VII
Margaret Beaufort, the mother of Henry VII, displayed her piety by donating sums of money to the foundation of colleges at Cambridge University (Christ’s College/St John’s College).
How many people made up the ‘nobility’? Why was this group important? What examples are there of Henry trusting this group? - Henry VII
The nobility was made up of only around 50-60 people. Henry relied on this group to maintain control in regional (rural) areas. Henry trusted Lord Daubney and the Earl of Oxford.
How did Henry aim to maintain control over bastard feudalism through legislation? When? - Henry VII
Henry passed acts of Parliament in 1487 and 1504 that legislated against retaining without licence granted by the monarch.
Whom was punished heavily by Henry’s legislation against retaining? What was their punishment? - Henry VII
Henry’s legislation against retaining was significant in its punishing of Lord Bergavenny. He was fined £100,000 for illegal retaining.
How did Henry aim to maintain control over bastard feudalism through oaths? Why was this only partially successful? - Henry VII
Henry made all peers and MPs swear an oath against illegal retaining in 1486, although this was often ignored as it didn’t set parameters for what constituted being illegal.
When did the Yorkshire Rebellion occur? What caused the rebellion? - Henry VII
The Yorkshire Rebellion occurred in 1489, prompted by a demand from Henry through parliament for increased taxation in order to finance the protection of Brittany from France.
Describe the events of the Yorkshire Rebellion - Henry VII
After having been asked by his tenants to negotiate an exemption from the tax, the Earl of Northumberland failed to do so. He was murdered by his tenants as a consequence, yet this may have been fuelled by his choice to support Henry. The rebels were eventually defeated by Earl of Surrey at York, with Surrey later given magnate control of the North.
When did the Cornish Rebellion occur? What caused the rebellion? - Henry VII
The Yorkshire Rebellion occurred in 1497, caused by Henry VII’s demands for additional taxation in order to finance an invasion of Scotland.
Describe the events of the Cornish Rebellion - Henry VII
Feeling as though they shouldn’t be taxed for such a distant conflict, the rebels marched all the way to Blackheath outside of London unopposed. 15,000 rebels engaged in the Battle of Blackheath, although Henry diverted troops away from Scotland, led by Lord Daubney, to prevent a widespread revolt. Executed the leaders of the rebellion.
When was the Battle of Blackheath? Henry VII
The Battle of Blackheath happened on the 17th June 1497.
