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Heme/Lymph 1 CP > 1 - Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

1 - Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of cells in peripheral blood? How many cell types of each are there?

A
  1. Erythrocytes: 4.6-6.1 million/microliter
  2. Leukocytes: 4-10 thousand/microliter
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2
Q

What are the types of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes:

  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils

Agranulocytes:

  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes
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3
Q

What are the expected differential counts for each white blood cell type?

A

Neutrophils: 34%-71%

Lymphocytes: 19-53%

Monocytes: 5-12%

Eosinophils: 0-7%

Basophils: 0-1%

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4
Q

All cells in peripheral blood are born in the ________?

A

BONE MARROW!

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5
Q

How does blood cell formation begin? How much of the body mass does the bone marrow make up?

A

It starts in the yolk sac, then continues in the liver, and finically finishes in the bone marrow in the 5th month.

BM comprises 5% of the body mass (and so does peripheral blood - makes sense becasue bone marrow makes peripheral blood)

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6
Q

What type of marrow is hematopoietic? What does this become in long bones and flat bones?

A

Red marrow is hematopoietic.

In long bones red marrow becomes yellow (fat) by age 20.

In flat bones, red marrow persists for life (bone marrow cells are obstained from the posterior iliac crest).

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7
Q

All bone marrow cells (BMCs) are derived from __________?

A

Multipotent master stem cells.

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8
Q

Multipotent master stem cells give rise to what three cell types?

A
  1. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): aka adult stem cells that form bone and cartilage
  2. Endothelial cells (ECs)
  3. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs): make all of our blood cells

Note that both endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells are derices from hemangioblasts.

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9
Q

What are the markers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)?

A

CD117+ (c-Kit)

CD34+

Lin- (meaning that these cells are not expressing any lineage markers)

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10
Q

What do hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) make?

A

Myeloid cells and lymphoid cells.

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11
Q

What cell types are derived from myeloid? What are their markers?

A

Erythroid cells: CFU-E, CD45-

Megakaryocyte: CFU-meg, CD45-

Monocytes: CD45+

Granulocutes: CFU-C, CD45+

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12
Q

What cell types are derived from lymphoid? What are their markers?

A

B cells: CFU-B, CD45+

T cells: CFU-T, CD45+

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13
Q

What cell types are used for BM transplantation?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

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14
Q

What are Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers? Whatr purpose do they serve?

A

Cell-surface markers on BM cells.

Integral cell membrane proteins that enable typing and isolation of BM cells.

  • Done via fluorescent-labaled monoclonal Abs
  • Isolation via Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
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15
Q

How are cells sorted through Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)?

A

Cells are sent through a capillary chamber where one cell passes at a time and a laser acts upon the phore, causing it to be ionized.

Once ionized, green are positive, red will have negative charge. After that, the + charged ones go to the anode and will be isolated. Red ones will migrate towards the cathode and isolated. Unlabeled will be isolated too in a third test tube.

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16
Q

What enables typing of blood cells?

A

Expression of CDs!

Note that cells after HSC are all lineage positive because they have CDs.

17
Q

What cells express CD3? CD4? CD8?

A

T cells express CD3
Helper T cells express CD4

Cytotoxic T cells express CD8

18
Q

What cells express CD13? CD14? CD15?

A

Granulocytes express CD13 and CD15

Monocytes express CD13, CD14, and CD15

19
Q

What antigens do B cells express?

A

CD19 and CD20

20
Q

What cells express CD34?

A

Blasts and Stem cells

21
Q

What cells express CD45?

A

Leukocytes.

22
Q

In hematopoiesis, what does “myeloid” denote? What does the word “myeloid” mean?

A

Myeloid means: of or pertaining to bone marrow.

  • Erythroid cells
  • Megakaryocytes (platelets)
  • Monocytes
  • Granulocytes

But NOT lymphocytes.

23
Q

What does each cell lineage arise from? What induces it’s differentiation?

A

Each lineage arises from a Colony Forming Unit (CFU).

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are growth factors or cytokines that induce colony forming units (CFUs).

24
Q

What is an example of a multipotent colony stimulating factor (CSF)? What is it’s function?

A

Stem Cell Factor (SCF): binds CD117 (c-Kit) on HSCs to

  • maintain expansion of HSCs
  • Then, SCF and other colony stimuating fqactors induce myeloid and lymphoid CFUs
25
Q

What are examples of unipotent colony stimulating factors (CSFs)? What is the function of each?

A
  1. Erythropoietin: induces CFU-E for erythropoiesis
  2. G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor): induces CFU-G to make neutrophils
  3. M-CSF: causes monocytes to differentiate into macrophages
  4. Thrombopoietin: induces CFU-meg for thrombopoiesis (formation of megakaryocytes)
26
Q

What are the steps in forming an erythrocyte?

A
27
Q

Myeloblasts differentiate into what three cell types?

A

Basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils (ie the granulocytes)

28
Q

What are the four denoted cell types?

A
29
Q

What are the names of the cells types in the image below?

A
30
Q

What are the denoted cell types?

A
31
Q

What are the denoted cell types?

A
32
Q
A

Heme/Lymph 1 CP (12 decks)

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