1 - Hematopoiesis Flashcards
What are the two main types of cells in peripheral blood? How many cell types of each are there?
- Erythrocytes: 4.6-6.1 million/microliter
- Leukocytes: 4-10 thousand/microliter
What are the types of leukocytes?
Granulocytes:
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
Agranulocytes:
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
What are the expected differential counts for each white blood cell type?
Neutrophils: 34%-71%
Lymphocytes: 19-53%
Monocytes: 5-12%
Eosinophils: 0-7%
Basophils: 0-1%
All cells in peripheral blood are born in the ________?
BONE MARROW!
How does blood cell formation begin? How much of the body mass does the bone marrow make up?
It starts in the yolk sac, then continues in the liver, and finically finishes in the bone marrow in the 5th month.
BM comprises 5% of the body mass (and so does peripheral blood - makes sense becasue bone marrow makes peripheral blood)
What type of marrow is hematopoietic? What does this become in long bones and flat bones?
Red marrow is hematopoietic.
In long bones red marrow becomes yellow (fat) by age 20.
In flat bones, red marrow persists for life (bone marrow cells are obstained from the posterior iliac crest).
All bone marrow cells (BMCs) are derived from __________?
Multipotent master stem cells.
Multipotent master stem cells give rise to what three cell types?
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): aka adult stem cells that form bone and cartilage
- Endothelial cells (ECs)
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs): make all of our blood cells
Note that both endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells are derices from hemangioblasts.
What are the markers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)?
CD117+ (c-Kit)
CD34+
Lin- (meaning that these cells are not expressing any lineage markers)
What do hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) make?
Myeloid cells and lymphoid cells.
What cell types are derived from myeloid? What are their markers?
Granulocutes: CFU-C, CD45+
Erythroid cells: CFU-E, CD45-
Megakaryocyte: CFU-meg, CD45-
Monocytes: CD45+
What cell types are derived from lymphoid? What are their markers?
B cells: CFU-B, CD45+
T cells: CFU-T, CD45+
What cell types are used for BM transplantation?
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
What are Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers? Whatr purpose do they serve?
Cell-surface markers on BM cells.
Integral cell membrane proteins that enable typing and isolation of BM cells.
- Done via fluorescent-labaled monoclonal Abs
- Isolation via Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
How are cells sorted through Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)?
Cells are sent through a capillary chamber where one cell passes at a time and a laser acts upon the phore, causing it to be ionized.
Once ionized, green are positive, red will have negative charge. After that, the + charged ones go to the anode and will be isolated. Red ones will migrate towards the cathode and isolated. Unlabeled will be isolated too in a third test tube.
What enables typing of blood cells?
Expression of CDs!
Note that cells after HSC are all lineage positive because they have CDs.
What are the steps in forming an erythrocyte?
Myeloblasts differentiate into what three cell types?
Basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils (ie the granulocytes)
What are the four denoted cell types?
What are the names of the cells types in the image below?
What are the denoted cell types?
What are the denoted cell types?
