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16. Neuroscience Exam 2 > 1. Gross Brain Stem/SC > Flashcards

1. Gross Brain Stem/SC Flashcards

1
Q

The forebrain (prosencephalon) which is rostral will divide to form?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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2
Q

What will the Telencephalon and Diencephalon become? (2,3)

A

Telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricle

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3
Q

The midbrain (mesencephalon) will form the mesencephalon which gives rise to what two things?

A

midbrain and cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

The hindbrain (rhombencephalon) will give rise to the metencephalon and myelencephalon, which gives rise to what? (3,2)

A

Metencephalon: pons, cerebellum, upper part 4th ventricle
Myelencephalon: medulla and lower part of 4th ventricle

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5
Q

from rostral to caudal, what are the order of the cephalons?

A 
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
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6
Q

What 5 corticals are involved in the telencephalon?

A 
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insular (deep)
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7
Q

What separates the frontal and parietal lobe? How about the temporal from parietal and frontal?

A

central sulcus

sylvian/lateral sulcus

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8
Q

What is the difference between sulcus and fissure?

A

sulcus is a groove

fissure is a deeper groove

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9
Q

The paracentral lobule is deep to the central sulcus, what are its functions? (2)

A

motor and sensory of contralateral lower extremities

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10
Q

Within the telencephalon is the corpus callosum, what are its functions? (3)

A

integrates motor, sensory and helps both hemispeheres communicate

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11
Q

The cingulate gyrus is located where, which do limbic and memory and learning?

A

directly above the corpus callosum medially

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12
Q

What does the calcarine sulcus divide? (in the occipital lobe)

A

cuneus gyrus and lingual gyrus

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13
Q

What does the parietooccipital sulcus divide?

A

parietal and occipital lobes

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14
Q

What lobe has the functions of personality, decision making, motor and speech?

A

frontal lobe

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15
Q

The superior and inferior frontal sulcus divide the frontal lobe into what 3 divisions?

A

superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

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16
Q

What two things make up the primary motor cortex?

A

precentral gyrus and anterior paracentral gyrus (infront of the central sulcus)

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17
Q

What two things make up the precentral sulcus?

A

superior and inferior frontal sulcus

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18
Q

The inferior frontal gyri has three parts: anterior to posterior are pars orbitalis, pars triangularis, pars opercularis. What makes up broca’s area?

A

pars opercularis and triangularis

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19
Q

The homunculus (coronal section) is between the anterior paracentral gyrus and precentral gyrus and represents?

A

cortical distribution of somotosensory input of different body parts

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20
Q

What two things make up the primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe?

A

postcentral gyrus and posterior paracentral gyrus

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21
Q

The function of the parietal lobe is sensory and somatosensory association area. The lobe is split into superior and inferior parietal lobuels by the intraparietal sulcus, what is important of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

contains the supramarginal gyrus (ant) and angular gyrus (post) which make up wernicke’s area

22
Q

What lobe of the telencephalon has a function of processing and interpretation of auditory stimuli, memory and organizing/comprhending language?

A

temporal lobe

23
Q

Below the lateral fissure and anterior to the preoccipital notch, what 3 gyri can be found in the temporal lobe?

A

superior middle and inferior temporal gyri

24
Q

What is the function of the transverse temporal gyri?

A

primary auditory association cortex

25
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

integrating and processing visual stimuli

26
Q

What can be found deep to the temporal lobe when reflecting the lateral fissure, whose functions are unclear?

A

insular lobe

27
Q

The insular lobe has caudal/long and rostral/short gyri which are separated by what?

A

central sulcus

28
Q

From an inferior view of the temporal lobe, the gyrus medial to the collateral sulcus, is called the what? which has an anteromedial part called the?

A

parahippocampal gyrus with the most anteromedial part called the uncus

29
Q

The basal ganglia or nuclei controls motor movements. What are some of the main components 7?

A 
caudate nucleus
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
internal capsule
putamen
claustrum 
globus pallidus
30
Q

The optic nerve comes out in the diencephalon, what are the bulge and folds that can be found here?

A 
anterior commissure (bulge)
posterior commissure (fold)
31
Q

The thalamus and pineal gland are found in the diencephalon, with what other 2 important things under it?

A

hypothalamus

infundibulum (only posterior pituitary gland is from dien)

32
Q

The mesencephalon is the brain stem, which is above the pons and medulla. Here, the red nucleus, medial leminscus, crus cerebri and substantia nigra can be found anteriorly. What is found posteriorly? (2)

A

superior colliculus

spinothalamic tract

33
Q

In the mesencephalon, the oculomotor N exits medial to the what and from what fossa?

A

Both CNIII are medial to the cerebral peduncle (anterior side) and come from the interpeduncular fossa

34
Q

From a posterior view of the mesencephalon/midbrain, the superior and inferior colliculus can be found, where do they relay info to?

A

superior to lateral geniculate body

inferior to medial geniculate body (both bodys are part of the diencephalon)

35
Q

What is the dividing line between the midbrain and pons, which wraps around and comes out dorsally?

A

the tricky trochlear N

36
Q

The metencephalon or the pons has CN V coming from what?

A

cerebellar peduncle

37
Q

What 3 nerves come from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VI, VII, VIII

38
Q

What separates the facial colliculus and the vesitbular area of the pons?

A

sulcus limitans

39
Q

The cerebellar peduncle can be divided into what three things?

A

superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle (posterior)

40
Q

the cerebellum is located posterior to the pons, and has what three important parts?

A

dentate nucleus in the middle

anterior and posterior lobes

41
Q

What separates the rhomboid fossa into superior (pontine) and inferior rhomboid fossa (medulla oblongata)? (posteriorly)

A

stria medullaris acoustica

42
Q

What is the difference between basilar and tegmentium pons? what exits from these?

A

basilar is anterior and is where trigeminal N leaves

tegmentium is posterior to where trigem N exits

43
Q

The medulla oblongata is in the myelencephalon which has an anterior median fissure, with pyramids on either side. What is lateral to the pyramids?

A

preolivary sulcus with the olive lateral to that

44
Q

What exits through the preolivary and postolivary sulucs?

A

hypoglossal through preolivary

glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal from postolivary

45
Q

The inferior rhomboid fossa will come together in the medulla to form the obex. What are the three things below the obex? from lateral to medial

A

tubere cinereum
cuneate tubercle
gracile tubercle

46
Q

What are the continuations of the gracile tubercle and cuneate tubercle in the medulla?

A

fasciculus gracilis

fasciculus cuneatus

47
Q

The spinal cord spans from the foramen magnum to the L1/2 and is attached laterally and caudally by what?

A

denticulate ligaments and caudally by filum terminale

48
Q

In the spinal cord there is a anterior median fissure, and what 3 other septums?

A

posterolateral septum
posterior median septum
posterior intermediate septum

49
Q

White matter of the spinal cord surrounds the H which is gray matter. what are the 3 components of each?

A

White: anterior funiculus, lateral and posterior funiculus
Gray: anterior, posterior horn and intermediate zone

50
Q

In the cervical region, the spinal cord is oval and have large AH/PH. In thoracics the SC is round and have small AH/PH with a lateral horn. What about lumbar and sacral SCs?

A

lumbar: round and large AH/PH, no lateral horn
sacral: mainly gray matter

51
Q

The laminae of the spinal cord are different sections of the gray matter. Which laminae can be found anterior and posterior?

A

anterior: 8-9
posterior: 1-6

16. Neuroscience Exam 2 (17 decks)

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