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Philosophy (Q1) > 1: General Overview > Flashcards

1: General Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term “Philosophy” originate from?

A) Latin for wisdom
B) Greek for love and wisdom
C) Hebrew for knowledge
D) Sanskrit for truth

A

B) Greek for love and wisdom

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2
Q

Which philosopher believed that water is the origin of all things?

A) Anaximander
B) Thales of Miletus
C) Heraclitus
D) Pythagoras

A

B) Thales of Miletus

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3
Q

What is the focus of Medieval Philosophy?

A) Human knowledge
B) Relationship of God and the Human person
C) The study of the universe
D) The nature of beauty

A

B) Relationship of God and the Human person

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4
Q

Which branch of philosophy deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of human knowledge?

A) Metaphysics
B) Epistemology
C) Aesthetics
D) Ethics

A

B) Epistemology

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5
Q

Empedocles of Ephesus believed that the origins of all things are composed of which four elements?

A) Water, earth, air, fire
B) Earth, wind, water, fire
C) Fire, air, light, darkness
D) Earth, metal, wood, water

A

B) Earth, wind, water, fire

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6
Q

What does the term “Anthropocentric” refer to in contemporary philosophy?

A) Focus on cosmology
B) Focus on ideas and knowledge
C) Focus on humankind as the most important element of existence
D) Focus on the existence of God

A

C) Focus on humankind as the most important element of existence

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7
Q

Which branch of philosophy is concerned with moral judgments?

A) Social Philosophy
B) Political Philosophy
C) Ethics
D) Aesthetics

A

C) Ethics

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8
Q

What is the main difference between primary and secondary reflection?

A) Primary reflection focuses on abstract ideas, while secondary reflection is concrete.
B) Primary reflection is based on observable phenomena, while secondary reflection examines inner truths.
C) Primary reflection is emotional, while secondary reflection is logical.
D) There is no difference; both are the same.

A

B) Primary reflection is based on observable phenomena, while secondary reflection examines inner truths.

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9
Q

The Socratic Method primarily involves which of the following?

A) Writing essays
B) Asking a series of questions
C) Conducting experiments
D) Observing nature

A

B) Asking a series of questions

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10
Q

What does “Theodicy” refer to in philosophy?

A) The study of beauty and art
B) The study of human society and institutions
C) The philosophy of religion and the existence of God
D) The study of psychological processes

A

C) The philosophy of religion and the existence of God

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11
Q

Which philosopher proposed that “Apeiron” is the source of all things?

A) Anaximenes
B) Anaximander
C) Thales
D) Pythagoras

A

B) Anaximander

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12
Q

Heraclitus is known for believing that:

A) Change is an illusion.
B) Everything is in constant flux.
C) All matter is composed of atoms.
D) Numbers govern all things.

A

B) Everything is in constant flux.

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13
Q

What is the main focus of modern philosophy?

A) The study of society
B) The relationship between God and humans
C) Ideas and knowledge
D) The nature of reality

A

C) Ideas and knowledge

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14
Q

What does “Cosmology” study in philosophy?

A) The nature of human morality
B) The study of the universe
C) The existence of God
D) The essence of beauty

A

B) The study of the universe

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15
Q

Which branch of philosophy deals with the dignity of the human person?

A) Political Philosophy
B) Philosophy of Human Person
C) Aesthetics
D) Metaphysics

A

B) Philosophy of Human Person

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16
Q

The concept of “correct reasoning” falls under which branch of philosophy?

A) Epistemology
B) Logic
C) Ethics
D) Metaphysics

A

B) Logic

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17
Q

What does “Psychology” derive from in Greek?

A) Study of the mind
B) Study of the soul
C) Study of knowledge
D) Study of society

A

B) Study of the soul

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18
Q

Which of the following describes “Philosophizing”?

A) The act of memorizing philosophical texts
B) Engaging in philosophical activities and making speculations
C) Discussing everyday topics without deep thought
D) Writing critiques of other philosophers

A

B) Engaging in philosophical activities and making speculations

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19
Q

What are the two components required for philosophizing?

A) Theory and Practice
B) Reason and Experience
C) Thought and Emotion
D) Logic and Ethics

A

B) Reason and Experience

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20
Q

In philosophical terms, what does “Secondary Reflection” focus on?

A) Observable phenomena
B) External truths
C) Inner truths and self-realization
D) The physical characteristics of objects

A

C) Inner truths and self-realization

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21
Q

Which of the following philosophers is known for his belief in the atomic theory of matter?

A) Pythagoras
B) Empedocles
C) Leucippus and Democritus
D) Anaximenes

A

C) Leucippus and Democritus

22
Q

The term “Theocentric” refers to a focus on:

A) Human knowledge
B) God and the human person
C) The natural world
D) The individual self

A

B) God and the human person

23
Q

What is the main concern of Social Philosophy?

A) The study of abstract concepts
B) The philosophical study of society and its institutions
C) The nature of individual freedom
D) The existence of God

A

B) The philosophical study of society and its institutions

24
Q

Which philosopher is associated with the idea that everything can be related to numbers?

A) Thales
B) Pythagoras
C) Anaximander
D) Heraclitus

A

B) Pythagoras

25
Q

What is the purpose of the Socratic Method?

A) To teach students directly
B) To encourage self-examination through questioning
C) To present information in a lecture format
D) To create new philosophical theories

A

B) To encourage self-examination through questioning

26
Q

What is the definition of “Truth” in the context of reasoning?

A) A subjective opinion
B) A property of statements that agrees with facts
C) A belief held by a majority
D) An unprovable assumption

A

B) A property of statements that agrees with facts

27
Q

How are “Opinions” best characterized?

A) Universal truths that cannot change
B) Judgments that are static and unchangeable
C) Personal judgments affected by experiences and beliefs
D) Established facts verified by evidence

A

C) Personal judgments affected by experiences and beliefs

28
Q

What does “Dialect” refer to in reasoning?

A) A singular assertion without debate
B) The art of refutation through exchange of propositions
C) A written argument with no opposing views
D) A method of delivering a speech

A

B) The art of refutation through exchange of propositions

29
Q

According to Skepticism Theory, what is said about the human mind?

A) It is always reliable and infallible.
B) It can attain absolute truth with certainty.
C) It is prone to error and cannot attain truth.
D) It is unaffected by external experiences.

A

C) It is prone to error and cannot attain truth.

30
Q

What is “Doubt” characterized by?

A) A state of unwavering belief
B) Absolute certainty in judgment
C) Suspension of judgment regarding the truth
D) A complete lack of understanding

A

C) Suspension of judgment regarding the truth

31
Q

What distinguishes “Immediate Inference” from “Mediate Inference”?

A) Immediate inference involves no premises.
B) Immediate inference draws conclusions from one premise, while mediate involves multiple premises.
C) Immediate inference requires external validation.
D) Mediate inference is always incorrect.

A

B) Immediate inference draws conclusions from one premise, while mediate involves multiple premises.

32
Q

What does a “Quantifier” indicate in reasoning?

A) The validity of the conclusion
B) The relationship between premises
C) The quantity or degree of the subject
D) The overall truth of the argument

A

C) The quantity or degree of the subject

33
Q

hat is the function of a “Copula” in reasoning?

A) To provide evidence for a claim
B) To indicate agreement or disagreement between subject and predicate
C) To define the overall structure of an argument
D) To identify the author of a statement

A

B) To indicate agreement or disagreement between subject and predicate

34
Q

Which of the following best describes a “Syllogism”?

A) A type of anecdote
B) An external expression of an argument
C) A subjective opinion
D) A personal belief statement

A

B) An external expression of an argument

35
Q

What is a “Categorical Syllogism”?

A) A syllogism that deals with hypothetical situations
B) An expression where premises relate two terms with a third
C) A conclusion based on personal beliefs
D) A statement that cannot be tested

A

B) An expression where premises relate two terms with a third

36
Q

In a “Hypothetical Syllogism,” what type of reasoning is employed?

A) Deductive reasoning that cannot reach a conclusion
B) Inferential thinking concluding with certainty, affirming or negating the statement
C) A personal opinion without a logical structure
D) A purely emotional response

A

B) Inferential thinking concluding with certainty, affirming or negating the statement

37
Q

Which of the following describes “Doubt” as a positive state?

A) When one side has overwhelming evidence
B) When evidence for and against a proposition is balanced
C) When there is no evidence available
D) When belief is unchangeable

A

B) When evidence for and against a proposition is balanced

38
Q

What does “Inference” involve in reasoning?

A) The act of debating opposing views
B) Drawing conclusions from premises
C) Memorizing established facts
D) Expressing opinions without evidence

A

B) Drawing conclusions from premises

39
Q

What type of reasoning involves drawing a conclusion from a single premise?

A) Mediate inference
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Immediate inference
D) Inductive reasoning

A

C) Immediate inference

40
Q

What characterizes a “Negative Conclusion” in a Categorical Syllogism?

A) It affirms the relationship between terms.
B) It denies the relationship between terms.
C) It has no relevance to the premises.
D) It is always invalid.

A

B) It denies the relationship between terms.

41
Q

In the context of reasoning, what is a “Predicate”?

A) The subject of a proposition
B) The main conclusion of an argument
C) The term that expresses what is said about the subject
D) The background information of a claim

A

C) The term that expresses what is said about the subject

42
Q

What is the role of the “Middle Term” in a Categorical Syllogism?

A) It serves as the conclusion.
B) It connects the subject and predicate.
C) It is irrelevant to the argument.
D) It provides examples.

A

B) It connects the subject and predicate.

43
Q

What does the term “Antithesis” refer to in the context of Dialect?

A) A supporting argument
B) A counterargument or opposing assertion
C) A conclusion reached after discussion
D) A common belief

A

B) A counterargument or opposing assertion

44
Q

Which statement best describes “Skepticism” as a philosophical approach?

A) It encourages unwavering faith in knowledge.
B) It promotes questioning the reliability of beliefs and perceptions.
C) It advocates for absolute truth in all claims.
D) It asserts that opinions are always valid.

A

B) It promotes questioning the reliability of beliefs and perceptions.

45
Q

In the context of reasoning, which of the following is a characteristic of “Positive Doubt”?

A) It leads to confusion.
B) It encourages thorough investigation.
C) It results in a firm belief.
D) It is based on emotional responses.

A

B) It encourages thorough investigation.

46
Q

What type of conclusion does a “Hypothetical Syllogism” typically reach?

A) It cannot be definitively stated.
B) It confirms or denies a conditional statement.
C) It relies solely on opinion.
D) It expresses personal feelings.

A

B) It confirms or denies a conditional statement.

47
Q

What is meant by “Art of Refutation” in Dialect?

A) The ability to ignore opposing views
B) The skill of creating persuasive advertisements
C) The method of discrediting an argument through counterarguments
D) The process of writing an essay

A

C) The method of discrediting an argument through counterarguments

48
Q

Which component of reasoning indicates the relationship between the subject and predicate?

A) Syllogism
B) Copula
C) Quantifier
D) Premise

A

B) Copula

49
Q

In terms of reasoning, what does “Mediate Inference” require?

A) Only one premise
B) At least two premises
C) No premises at all
D) A single conclusion

A

B) At least two premises

50
Q

What does the term “Syllogism” refer to in formal logic?

A) A type of question
B) A method of storytelling
C) An argument consisting of premises leading to a conclusion
D) A subjective viewpoint

A

C) An argument consisting of premises leading to a conclusion

Philosophy (Q1) (6 decks)

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