1 General

Question 1

Ethics (personal/relative)

Answer 1

a set of moral principles or values

Question 2

Ethics (Conduct)

Answer 2

the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual group. It becomes an extension of good management.

Question 3

Loose Cannons

Answer 3

employees who drift along without manager guidance. Unintentionally allowing them to be controlled by others and put the organization at risk

Question 4

B.F Skinner

Answer 4

renowned psychologist that argued that it’s alright, even preferable to intentionally control behavior. All behavior is controlled, either unintentionally or intentionally. Intentional control is needed.

Question 5

Bad Barrels

Answer 5

work environments that either encourage unethical behavior or merely allow it to occur

Question 6

Ethical Behavior in Business

Answer 6

behavior that is consistent with the principles, norms, and standards of business practice that have been agreed upon by society.

Question 7

Characteristics of Individuals

Answer 7

individuals differences / cognitive biases

Question 8

Process of individual ethical decision making

Answer 8

Ethical Awareness, ethical judgement, ethical behavior

Question 9

Characteristics of an Organization

Answer 9

group and organizational pressures / organizational culture

Question 10

The Moral Dimension

Answer 10

Etxioni claimed that human action has two distinct sources, the pursuit of self-interest and moral commitments

Question 11

Th Ultimatum Game

Answer 11

humans expect fair play in their interactions with other human beings, and will forgo economic benefits in order to maintain a fair system

Question 12

Spindle Cells

Answer 12

a unique type of neuron in the brain that light up when people perceive unfairness of deceptions

Question 13

Qualities to looks for when hiring

Answer 13

integrity, intelligence, energy (Buffett)

Question 14

Defense Industry Initiative

Answer 14

members internalize beliefs about appropriate conduct, hire support staff, and develop structures for enforcement that become institutionalized among member organizations

Question 15

Defense Industry Initiative obligations 6

Answer 15

1. adopt a written code of conduct
2. conduct employee’s orientation and training with respect to the code
3. provide employees a mechanism to express concerns about corp compliance with procurement laws and regulations
4. adopt procedures for voluntary disclosure of violations of federal procurement laws
5. participate in best practices forums
6. publish information that shows each signatory’s commitment to the above

Question 16

stakeholders

Answer 16

parties who are affected by the business and its actions and who have an interest in what the business does and how it performs.

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

a hormone the brain releases that makes cooperation “feel good”

Question 18

how individuals differ

Answer 18

how they PRIORITIZE their values - honesty, fairness, and respect

Question 19

8 steps to sound ethical decision making in business

Answer 19

1. Gather facts
2. Define the Ethical Issues
3. Identify the affected Parties (stakeholders)
4. Identify the Consequences
5. Identify the obligations
6. Consider your character and integrity
7. think creatively about potential actions
8. check your gut

Question 20

Skill Role Taking

Answer 20

putting yourself in other’s shoes and being sensitive to their needs and concerns.

Question 21

Symbolic Consequences

Answer 21

every decision and action sends a message, it stands for something.

Question 22

Consequences of Secrecy

Answer 22

if you’re inclined to keep it a secret that should be a clue that something isn’t right. (Disclosure rule)

Question 23

Disclosure Rule

Answer 23

if you feel comfortable if your activities were disclosed in the light of the public forum

Question 24

how you can learn rules in various ways:

Answer 24

1. read your companies code of ethics
2. ask question
3. develop relationships with people outside of your chain of command

Question 25

When you’re asked to make a snap decision

Answer 25

1. dont underestimate the importance of a hunch to alert you and that you’re facing an ethical dilemma
2. ask for time to think it over
3. find out quickly if your org has a policy that applies to your decision
4. ask your manager or peers for advice
   use the quick-check New York Times test - disclosure rule

Question 26

Ethical Awareness

Answer 26

a person recognizes that a situation or issue is one that raises ethical concerns and must be thought about in ethical terms. it’s an important that shouldn’t be taken for granted

Question 27

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 27

used in a study to show that when executive MBA students identified an important point or issue in scenarios, a different part of the brain was more active when the issues had ethical overtones compared to more neutral ones

Question 28

3 things when recognizing ethical nature

Answer 28

1. if they believe that their peers will consider it to be ethically problematic
2. if ethical language is used to present the situation to the decision maker
3. If the decisions is seen as having the potential to produce serious harm to others.

Question 29

Euphemistic Language

Answer 29

easily keeps individuals from thinking about the ethical implications of decisions. Makes us feel okay about something we are doing when we should be thinking much harder about the ethical overtones