1. Gastro Anatomy Flashcards
Phase of GI response characterized by anticipation and the sight, smell, and taste of food
Cephalic Phase
During the cephalic phase the vagus nerve stimulates the release of_______________.
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and acetylcholine
Function of gastrin-releasing peptide and acetylcholine
Makes you salivate, gets stomach fluids moving
_______________in the brainstem inhibits breathing during swallowing.
Reticular formation
Amylase digests_________
Carbohydrates
Lipase digests_______
Fats
________L of saliva is secreted each day.
1.5
Food bolus is moved via _______, coordinated by the_______system.
Smooth muscle peristalsis. Enteric nervous system.
The upper esophageal sphincter is controlled by _________
Extrinsic nerves
The lower esophageal sphincter is controlled by _____________
Autonomic nerves
These three products bind to the parietal cell and work synergistically to stimulate gastric acid production.
Gastrin, Histamine, and Acetylcholine
The release of ________will shut off gastric acid production.
Somatostatin
Parietal cells secrete:
Hydrochloric Acid and Instrinsic Factor
Peptic (chief) cells secrete:
Pepsinogen
Endocrine secretions include:
Gastrin, Somatostatin, Histamine
_______may have a role in regulating hunger and satiety.
Gherkin
_________stimulates parietal cells to produce acid
Gastrin
___________deactivates G cell secretion of gastrin.
Somatostatin
What happens when you suppress parietal cells?
Turns off intrinsic factor which can lead to B12 deficiency (and pernicious anemia).
___________protects against the corrosive properties of gastric juice in the stomach.
Mucus-bicarbonate barrier
Gastrin is stimulated by _________ ,________ via the enteric nervous system, and broken down proteins in the stomach.
Stomach stretch. Gastrin-releasing peptide.
What triggers the release of acetylcholine?
Vagal outflow from the brain (initiating secretory function in the salivary glands)
This is released when pH in the stomach is low.
Somatostatin (gastrin antagonist)
When are G cells directly inhibited?
When the pH in the stomach is at or below 3.
During the intestinal phase, feedback inhibition of gastric acid production is caused by the release of ________from the small intestine.
Enterogastrones (Secretin)
Most absorption of nutrients occurs where?
During the intestinal phase
What is the widest and shortest part of the small intestine?
Duodenum