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OrganHisto Exam 1 > 1. Garrett Lahey > Flashcards

1. Garrett Lahey Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 general functions of epithelial cells?

A

absorption, secretion, provides barrier

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2
Q

Is epithelium vascular or avascular? It is associated with with vascular CT for what 2 reasons?

A

*Avascular

for nutrition and defense cells

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3
Q

define selective permeability

A

transport/prevent molecules crossing

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4
Q

What are the 2 basic characteristics of epithelial cells?

A
  • cells are adjacent to each other
  • associated with…
    complete basement membrane (basil + reticular layers)
    OR
    partial basement membrane (basil layer ONLY = lungs)
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5
Q

Basil lamina are produced by what type of cells?

A

epithelial cells

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6
Q

Reticular lamina are produced by what type of cells?

A

connective tissue fibroblasts

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7
Q

What are the 4 important functions of basement membrane?

A
  1. provides attachment surface
  2. molecular filter
  3. limits stretch
  4. directs cell migrations (during wound healing)
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8
Q

“Tight junction” = strong attachment, prevents passage b/w cells is describing what cell junction?

A

Zonula Occludens

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9
Q

“Adhesion belt” = strong attachment, structural cell stability“ is describing what cell junction?

A

Zonula Adhernes

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10
Q

“Desmosome” = strong attachment describes what cell junction?

A

Macula Adhernes

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11
Q

Strong attachment, transports materials b/w cells describes what cell junction?

A

Gap junction

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12
Q

Finger-like projections, increase SA for absorption…is describing what epithelial surface modification?

A

microvilli (brushborder)

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13
Q

What are some locations of microvilli?

A

kidney tubule cell, small intestines

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14
Q

Extremely long microvilli, fewer, non-motile, increase SA…is describing what epithelial surface modification?

A

stereocilia

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15
Q

What are some location of stereo cilia?

A

epididymis, cochlear hair cells

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16
Q

Thin apical hair-like extensions of cytoskeleton, move materials over surface, cells have many mitochondria, NO absorption/secretion…is describing what epithelial surface modification?

A

cilia

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17
Q

What are some locations of cilia?

A

trachea, oviduct

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18
Q

Surface layer of glycoproteins/carbs that covers epithelium, produced by epithelium, functions for protection and *CELL RECOGNITION…is describing what epithelial surface modification?

A

glycocalyx

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19
Q

What are some locations of glycocalyx?

A

stomach, small intestines

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20
Q

“Respiratory Epithelium” is describing what special epithelium type?

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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21
Q

Modified columnar, produce MUCUS is describing what cells found in Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

A

Goblet cells

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22
Q

Columnar cells containing cilia, MOVE mucus is describing what cells found in Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

A

Ciliated Columnar Cells

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23
Q

Pyramidal cell, does not reach surface, acts as STEM of cell describes what cells found in Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

A

Basal Cells

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24
Q

5 layers of cells for protection in a DRY environment is describing what special epithelium type?

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

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25
Q

What are the 5 layers of Keratinized Stratified Squamous?

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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26
Q

1-2 layers of keratinocytes, *MITOTIC and closest to dermis is what layer?

A

Stratum basale (1)

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27
Q

What kind of cells are found in the stratum basal?

A

Melanocytes

28
Q

Multiple layers of “spiny-shaped” keratinocytes; and produce lipids/keratohyaline vacuoles is that layer?

A

Stratum spinosum (2)

29
Q

What kind of cells are found in the stratum spinosum that recognize and process foreign antigens?

A

Langerhans Cells

30
Q

Uppermost 2-5 layers, flattened/condensed living cell exocytosis of lipid-filled lamellar granules is what layer?

A

Stratum granulosum (3)

31
Q

Thin layer of recently dead/dying keratinocytes that is ONLY present in THICK skin, NO nucleus/organelles present is what layer?

A

Stratum lucidum (4)

32
Q

Layer of DEAD cells (keratin and lipids); and prevents water loss, provides barrier to microbes, protects against abrasion is what layer?

A

Stratum corneum (5)

33
Q

Product is released into duct or directly onto epithelial surface describes what type of secretion method?

A

exocrine

34
Q

Components directly involved with primary function describes what type of exocrine secretion?

A

Parenchyma (Ex. biceps brachii - skeletal muscles)

35
Q

Components providing mechanical/metabolic support describes what type of exocrine secretion?

A

Stroma (Ex . biceps brachii – CT, nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels)

36
Q

Exocytosis (no cell damage) describes what type of secretion method? More common in adults or children?

A

Merocrine/Eccrine (ALL sweat glands in *children, many in adults, goblet cells, salivary glands, pancreas)

37
Q

Cell matures and DIES (*cell death), associated with ODOR describes what type of secretion method?

A

Holocrine (Sebaceous glands, tarsal glands of eyelid)

38
Q

Minimal cell damage, associated with ODOR describes what type secretion method? More common in adults or children?

A

Appocrine (Adult sweat glands *axillary and *pubic region, mammillary glands, ceruminous ear glands)

39
Q

HORMONE released into nearby CT for vascular dispersal describes what type of secretion method?

A

Endocrine

40
Q

What are 2 types of endocrine secretion?

A

paracrine and autocrine

41
Q

Signaling cell close to target cell, hormone does NOT enter blood is what type of endocrine secretion?

A

paracrine

42
Q

Signaling cell is its own target is what type of endocrine secretion?

A

autocrine

43
Q

What cells are sometimes found in ducts of exocrine gland that assists secretion?

A

Myoepithelial cells

44
Q

(+/- ) feedback loops are associated with what?

A

hormones

45
Q

Autoimmune skin disease causing large blistering lesions that burst, but do heal.
 The cause: antibodies bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes. This describes what disease?

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

46
Q

Autoimmune skin disease causing skin blistering that do not heal easily; excessive bleeding likely. Can be fatal. The cause: antibodies bind to some parts of desmosomes. This describes what disease?

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

47
Q

Acute bacterial infection of the small intestines.
The cause : Toxins disrupt proteins in Zonula Occludens, which permits the loss of water and electrolytes from the CT below the epithelium.

A

Cholera

48
Q

What kind of cells numbers INCREASE when exposed to UV light repeatedly?

A

melanocytes

49
Q

What kind of cells DECREASE with repeated UV light exposure?

A

Langerhans cells

50
Q

Patchy skin lesions, accelerated keratinocyte life cycle, cells accumulate in stratum corneum, inflammation in dermal papillae, cyclic and etiology is unknown. This describes what disease?

A

Psoriasis Vulgaris

51
Q

Spots with extra pigment; especially in the fair skinned, an increase in melanin without an increase in melanocyte numbers, tend to fade in winter and darken with sun exposure describes what?

A

freckles

52
Q

Patches which lack melanocytes, unknown cause but often associated with systemic disease such as hypo/hyperthyroidism, diabetes and Addisons disease describes what?

A

Vitiligo

53
Q

Discoloration due to a proliferation of melanocytes describes what?

A

Moles (naevi)

54
Q

Melanocytes become mitotically active and invade dermis, very invasive and metastatic. (treatment: surgery and chemotherapy) This describes what?

A

Malignant Melanoma

55
Q

Melanocytes fail to produce melanin causes what?

A

Albinism

56
Q

What is the most common form of Albinism?

A

Tyrosinase (enzyme) is missing from melanocytes

57
Q

Which disease is described by increased in WBCs and basketball sized lymph nodes. Normally found is what what geographic region?

A

Kristaps Porziņģis syndrome (KPS); Latvia

58
Q

What structure/organ is simple epithelium and simple squamous cells associate with?

A

lungs

59
Q

What structure/organ is simple cuboidal cells associate with?

A

exocrine ducts

60
Q

What structure/organ is simple columnar cells associate with?

A

stomach/small intestines

61
Q

What structure/organ is ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium cells associated with?

A

trachea, repritory , nasal cavity, bronchi

62
Q

What structure/organ is stratified squamous cells associate with?

A

esophagus, oral cavoity, tongue, vagina

63
Q

What structure/organ is keratinized squamous cells associate with?

A

skin

64
Q

What structure/organ is stratified cuboidal cells associate with?

A

large ducts in sweat glands/ salivary glands

65
Q

What structure/organ is stratified columnar cells associate with?

A

large ducts in pancreas, male urethra, conjunctiva

66
Q

What structure/organ is transitional cells associate with?

A

most of the urinary tract

OrganHisto Exam 1 (3 decks)

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